Ralstonia eutropha

Benzoate dioxygenase (BZDO) Ralstonia eutropha (former Alcaligenes eutrophus) 1971 [236] [224]... 

Previously, Yu et al (2005) studied the increase of a co-biopolymer of PHBV by Ralstonia eutropha in a continuous stirred tank reactor. It was found that the productivity rate increased when sodium propionate was used as the carbon source. Later, Yezza et al (2007) investigated the use of maple sap as a carbon for PHB production by A. latus. The productivity of PHB reached 2.6 gH h-i. 

Louie TM, CM Webster, L Xun (2002) Genetic and biochemical characterization of a 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation pathway in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134. J Bacterial 184 3492-3500. 

Leveau JHL, AJB Zehnder, JR van der Meer (1998) The tfdK gene product facilitates uptake of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4). J Bacterial 180 2237-2243. 

Bramer CO, A Steinbuchel (2001) The methylcitrate acid pathway in Ralstonia eutropha new genes identified involved in propionate metabolism. Microbiology (UK) 147 2203-2214. 

Schenzle A, H Lenke, JV Spain, H-J Knackmuss (1999) 3-hydroxylaminophenol mutase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 catalyzes a Bamberger rearrangement. J Bacteriol 181 1444-1450. 

Ralstonia eutropha (Alcaligenes eutrophus) strain NH9 is able to degrade 3-chlorobenzene by the modified ortho pathway. The cbnA gene that encodes 3-chlorocatechol-l, 2-dioxygenase was introduced into rice plants (Oryza sativa -p.japonicd) under the control of a virus 35S promoter. 3-Chlorocatechol induced dioxygenase activity in the callus of the plants, and leaf tissues oxidized 3-chlorocatechol with the production of 2-chloromuconate... 

Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 Mineral salts medium 24... 

Ralstonia eutropha, a Gram-negative bacterium that has the special feature of high-level expression without inclusion body formation, can also be regarded as a competitor to E. coli [59]. 

Srinivasan, S., Barnard, G.C. and Gemgross, T.U. (2002) A novel high-cell-density protein expression system based on Ralstonia eutropha. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68 (12), 5925—5932. 

Overhage, J., Steinbuchel, A. and Priefert, H. (2002) Biotransformation of eugenol to ferulic acid by a recombinant strain of Ralstonia eutropha H16. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 4315—4321. 

Keywords. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids, Microbial polyesters, PHA, PHA synthase, Metabolic engineering, PHA granules, Ralstonia eutropha, Pseudomonas aeruginosa... 

Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcali-genes eutrophus)... 

In the first stage, the pentose xylose was converted by strain Lactococcus lactis to a mixture of lactic and acetic acids. After removal of the cells, Ralstonia eutropha was inoculated in the supernatant in the same fermentor. Cost calcu-... 

In order to produce PHAs in plants it is necessary to introduce the biosynthetic enzymes from bacteria. PHB represents the best characterized and simplest form of PHA, and the synthetic pathway (Figure 4.2) has been extensively studied in Ralstonia eutropha. 30,31 Starting from acetyl-CoA, a P-ketothiolase is required in order to form acetoacetyl-CoA. This is then reduced by a NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, which gives rise to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. The latter intermediate is the substrate for the polymerization reaction catalyzed by polyhydroxybutyrate synthase.30 In Ralstonia eutropha, the thiolase, reductase, and synthase genes make up an operon.31... 

The three step pathway of polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis (PHB) as found in Ralstonia eutropha. 

Ralstonia eutropha, PHAscl in, 20 257-258 Ralstonite, 2 364t Ralston Purina extruders, 10 850 RAM (reliability, availability,... 

The C4 aldol intermediate of the Weizmann process is also key in the aerobic fermentation of sugars to poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) or PHB (-0[-CH(CH3)-CH2-COO - [70]. This natural and biodegradable polymer is produced inside microorganisms, e.g., Ralstonia eutropha. A complex processing is required to extract and purify the polymer granules from the microorganism. 

Ralstonia eutropha has the ability to use 3-chlorobenzoate as carbon source, and an important step in the pathway is the enzyme chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase, encoded by the gene cbnA. This gene has been introduced into rice calli and plants under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter (Shimizu et al., 2002). In transgenic leaf tissues, the conversion of 3-chlorocatechol into 2-chloromuconate was time-dependent. A decrease in the level of the compound present was also observed in control plants, but this was due to adsorption as no metabolites were detected. 

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