Gram-negative bacterium

Escherichia coli. The genetics of this gram-negative bacterium are very well known. For this reason, many of the first efforts to produce recombinant products from this microorganism were successful. However, because of the importance of the other criteria Hsted above, many efforts failed. E. co/i is only used to produce the milk-clotting mammalian protease chymosin [9001-98-3] (rennin). 

Quinn JP, G McMullan (1995) Carbon-arsenic bond cleavage by a newly isolated Gram-negative bacterium strain ASV2. Microbiology (UK) 141 721-727. 

Haemophilus ducreyi, a gram-negative bacterium, has been isolated as the causative organism of chancroid, a genital ulcerative disease usually accompanied by inguinal lymphadenitis and bubo formation. Chancroid may possibly spread to other anatomic sites, a clinical feature first discovered by Ducrey in 1889.37... 

Ralstonia eutropha, a Gram-negative bacterium that has the special feature of high-level expression without inclusion body formation, can also be regarded as a competitor to E. coli [59]. 

Tanaka, Y. Onaka, T. Matsui, T., et al., Biodesulfurization of Benzothiophene by a Gram-Negative Bacterium, Sinorhizobium sp. KT55. Current Microbiology, 2001.43 pp. 187-191. 

C. Martinez-Fleites, M. Ortiz-Lombardia, T. Pons, N. Tarbouriech, E. J. Taylor, J. G. Arrieta, L. Hernandez, and G. J. Davies, Crystal structure of levansucrase from the Gram-negative bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Biochem. J., 390 (2005) 19-27. 

Figure 7. The summary of systems involved in (or related to) the uptake and assimilation of iron represents a schematic view of a typical Gram-negative bacterium. The OM receptors, as well as the proteins of the Ton complex, are not present in Gram-positive bacteria, and were not found in mycobacteria and members of the mycoplasma group...

The detailed structure of the small bacteriocin (isolated from the culture broth of the Gram-negative bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum) as N-[(3R)-hydroxy-7-ns-tetradecenoyl]-L-HSL 14 was elucidated largely by the 1-D and 2-D and 13C spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of both asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule was determined by the use of chiral solvating agents (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-2,2,2-trifhioro-l-(9-anthryl)ethanol [11]. 

The Gram-negative bacterium E. coli is probably the most widely used host for heterologous protein production. An obvious advantage of this system is its simplicity. The genetics are well characterized, the cells grow fast allowing rapid production and analysis of the expressed protein, and transformation is simple and requires minimal amounts of DNA. 

The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a usually harmless symbiont in the intestine of mammals. The structure and characteristics of this organism have been particularly well characterized. E. coli is also frequently used in genetic engineering (see p. 258). 

The identification of terminal complexes in the Gram-negative bacterium Acetobacter xylinum now appears to be in doubt. Previously, a single linear row of particles observed on the outer lipopolysaccharide membrane... 

The gram negative bacterium Acetobacter xylinum produces a ribbon of crystalline cellulose I whose neutral sugar content is 96.8% glucose and 3.2% xylose (1). Growth of A. xylinum in a medium containing... 

To compare the bactericidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles and silver ions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were conducted for gram-negative bacterium E. coli, gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis and fungus P. phoeniceum. The data on MICs are summarized in Table 18.1. The results demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of silver ions was superior to that of silver nanoparticles against all microbes tested. 

From the many enzymes that are known to make and break C-C bonds, we first chose the two transferases, transketolase (TKT) and transaldolase (TAL), both from the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. While project B21 evolved, we learned that this microorganism holds other and so far unknown enzymes which are of interest for asymmetric syntheses. One transketolase-like enzyme, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), turned out to be the first enzyme of a novel biosynthetic pathway leading to isoprenoids in bacteria, algae, and plants. The other, fructose 6-phosphate aldolase (ESA) - while similar to transaldolase - allows the direct use of the inexpensive dihydroxyacetone in aldol condensations. 

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