Special form radioactive materials

Special form radioactive material is either an indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing radioactive material. Special form radioactive material must meet the following requirements a) if in a sealed capsule, that capsule must be so constructed that it can only be opened by destroying it b) it must have at least one dimension not less than 5mm c) the design must have received unilateral approval. ICAO 2-7.4.1... 

Recall from the definition of Aj and A2 values that a Type A quantity of radioactive material does not exceed Aj for special form radioactive materials or Aj for normal form radioactive materials. Special form radioactive materials must be determined to meet the definition in accordance with the testing requirements of 49 CFR 173.469. 

Radioactive Material, special form. 2974 64 Sea-Belt Pretensioners ... 

The identification mark for each competent authority approval certificate special form radioactive material, low dispersible radioactive material, special arrangement, package design or shipment) applicable to the consignment ... 

Exemption for low-level materials—contains only Americium in special form aggregate radioactivity 20 Ci NRC 2001 e 10CFR71.10... 

Personnel working in some programs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) may handle radioactive materials that, under certain circumstances, could be taken into the body. Employees are monitored for such intakes through a series of routine and special bioassay measurements. One such measurement involves a thermal ionization mass spectrometer. In this technique, the metals in a sample are electroplated onto a rhenium filament. This filament is inserted into the ion source of the mass spectrometer and a current is passed through it. The ions of the plutonium isotopes are thus formed and then accelerated through the magnetic held. The number of ions of each isotope are counted and the amount of Pu-239 in the original sample calculated by comparison to a standard. 

Low-Level Waste. Low-level wastes are further divided into categories of special nuclear material, source material, and byproduct material, depending on the isotopes contained. Special nuclear material refers to uranium 233, plutonium 239, and uranium containing more than the natural abundance of uranium 235. Source material refers to materials containing 0.05 percent or more of thorium or uranium in any physical or chemical form except that covered under special nuclear material. By-product materials consist of all other radioactive materials including fission and activation products. 

Beyond these impacts, more advanced nanotechnology may allow active remediation of many environmental problems. For example, toxic wastes in contaminated aquifers may be neutralized by specially designed nano-robots (nanobots) that selectively capture undesirable molecules and then either sequester them for removal or break them down into harmless substances [114,118,119,124]. While nano-devices cannot, for example, render radioactive materials non-radioactive, they could capture molecules of radioactive waste and concentrate them into a form that would be easily removed [31-33]. 

For metals which cannot be used in the form of a pinhole-free thin foil, an alternative method was developed (72). The electrode is made in the form of a tape. Adsorption of radioactive material occurs under potential control in a special cell with narrow slits, through which the tape passes under the Geiger-Muller counter. The slit through which the tape moves out of the adsorption region is sufficiently narrow to reduce the error introduced by the adhering layer of labeled solution to < 5%. 

Ai for special form radioactive materials indispersible radioactive solids or sealed capsules containing a radioactive material that presents a low risk of contamination if spilled. 

Type A packages, the basic types of packagings or freight containers. They hold activities up to A1 for special form or A2 for other radioactive material. 

A/ shall mean the activity value of special form radioactive material which is listed in Table I or derived in Section IV and is used to determine the activity limits for the requirements of these Regulations. A2 shall mean the activity value of radioactive material, other than special form radioactive material, which is listed in Table I or derived from Section IV and is used to determine the activity limits for the requirements of these Regulations. IAEA para. 201... 

Aj and A2 values for radionuclides A means the maximum activity of special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A package. A2 means the maximum activity of radioactive material other than special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A package. The values are listed in appendix 1 to this class. IMO Class 7,2.1... 

AI means the maximum activity of special form Class 7 (radioactive) material permitted in a Type A package. US 173.403... 

A2 means the maximum activity of Class 7 (radioactive) material, other than special form, LSA or SCO, permitted in a Type A package. These values are either listed in Sec. 173.435 or derived in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Sec. 173.433. US 173.403... 

Radioactive materials are grouped according to their form and/or characteristics. These include Special Form Low Specific Activity (LSA) Surface Contaminated Object (SCO) Fissile Other Form. A radioactive material may meet the definition of one or more of the above. lATA 10.3.3... 

Special form radioactive material shall mean either an indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing radioactive material. IAEA para. 239... 

Special form Class 7 (radioactive) material means Class 7 (radioactive) material which satisfies the following conditions (1) It is either a single solid piece or is contained in a sealed capsule that can be opened only by destroying the capsule (2) The piece or capsule has at least one dimension not less than 5 millimeters (0.2 inch) and (3) It satisfies the test requirements [text continues]. US 173.403... 

Offering or exporting special form radioactive materials without maintaining a complete safety analysis or Certificate of Competent Authority, as required. 173.476(a), (b) 3,700. 

Users of the Regulations should be aware that a Member State may require in its national regulations that an additional approval be given by its competent authority for any special form radioactive material, Type B(U) and Type C package which is to be used for domestic transport on its territory, even if the design has already been approved in another country. 

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