Questions closed-ended

As the interview moves more toward closed-ended questions, the interviewer should periodically restate what she thinks the witness has said. This gives the witness a chance to correct any errors or misinterpretations or add further details. 

Conduct follow-up interviews in the same general manner as other interviews, hut use a more structured, straight-to-the-point interview style. Initially, the interviewer may use open-ended questions, hut follow-up, closed-ended questions are usually asked sooner than they would he asked during the initial interview. Ensure that witnesses do not believe that the follow-up interview indicates the interviewer doubts their credibility. Focus on the gaps in information and apparent inconsistencies. 

These are instruments developed to identify specific psychiatric disorders. Most of these scales are based on a structured or semi-structured interview lasting some 60 90 min. Structured interviews contain a mix of open-ended and closed questions. Open-ended questions are essential for the validity of a diagnostic procedure closed questions support the reliability and the standardization of diagnostic tools. The primary goal for the use of diagnostic scales is to reduce the variance within samples caused by diagnostic differences, i.e. to create homogeneous patient populations included in clinical trials. 

In order to intensify the deton effect of a blasting cap, the closed end of the capsule("business end ) is indented towards the inside thus utilizing the Munroe(Shaped Charge) Effect. Some investigators question the value of this improvement The compound caps described above are also... 

Often, however, it is necessary to verify certain facts in a candidate s interview. In this case, close-ended questions provide an efficient means of... 

If a detonation is viewed as a plane Chapman-Jouguet wave traveling steadily in a tube in a direction away from its closed end, then we may question whether the result that v o = e,oo obtained in Section 2.3.3, is consistent with the end-wall condition. From the standpoint of the method of characteristics for reacting gas mixtures (Section 4.3), the fact that the characteristics propagate at the frozen sound speed implies [59] that the upstream end of the rarefaction wave that follows the detonation (Section... 

The brief survey was designed to highlight certain top line issues. The closed-end questions were developed by PwC and BRIDGES to elicit uniform, comparable, and measurable responses. However, respondents were given the opportunity to add their own narrative responses throughout. Prior to distribution, the questionnaire was reviewed by industry representatives, a process facilitated through the AIChE, to test relevance and survey mechanics. 

The history is often affected simply by the way in which we ask the patient about their health problems and medications. Using open-ended questions (i.e., cannot be answered as yes or no ) versus closed-ended questions will require the patient to explain and inform you about their therapy. Open-ended questioning helps the practitioner quickly assess the depth of the patient s knowledge about their therapy and health. ... 

Examples of open-ended questioning are What are you taking this medication for , How do you take your medication , and What do you do when you miss a dose of your medication Closed-ended questions will not really tell the interviewer how much the patient understands about the dosing and purpose of medications without further questioning. Avoid questions such as Do you take all of your medicine once a day , Do you miss any doses , and Did your doctor tell you what this is for . All of these questions could be answered with either yes or no, and additional questioning would then be required for clarification. The open-ended style is efficient in that one type of question tells the interviewer all the patient s strong knowledge points and also pinpoints weak areas. 

The classic treatment of the problem of shock in pipe conduits, as developed by Joukovsky, Allievi and others, assimilates in effect the condition of the water in the pipe line during the manifestation of the phenomena in question to that of a column of air in a closed organ pipe in longitudinal vibration, the reservoir end of the line corresponding to the mouth end of the pipe and the valve end of the line to the closed end of the pipe. On this basis the theory has been developed in some detail, especially by Allievi. 

White, 2.) Black, etc., provided the coding process is transparent. If the questions are closed-ended then the categories should be presented, whether categories were combined, and if so, how they were combined. 

If a detonation is viewed as a plane Chapman-Jouguet wave traveling steadily in a tube in a direction away from its closed end, then we may question whether the result that o. obtained in Section 2.3.3, is... 

The close-ended income question in the questionnaire gave information on according to the following income groups that households belong to < 10,... 

The obvious main advantage of open-ended questions has already been mentioned the spontaneity of the answers (unbiased) in the consumer s own words. Many researchers contend that by allowing consumers to respond freely, the question is better able to measure their salient concerns than in the close-ended format (which forces them to rate a set of given attributes or to choose among a fixed set of responses see Geer, 1988 Kelley, 1983). This advantage is particularly relevant in relation to monadic sequential tests since the biases possibly introduced by the attributes would be avoided. In addition, when used in the traditional way (at the end of other quantitative/... 

Open-ended answers contain very rich information that may complement quantitative responses, but, in addition, they may provide the researcher with unpredicted insights. Importantly, these types of question are much more natural to respondents, who are more likely to be answering open-ended questions several times per day than coming across close-ended questions. Who is ever asked On a scale from 1 to 9 how much did you enjoy your holidays or Tell me, from 1 to 9, how tasty my roast was (The probable response being What Hnun. Well, I enjoyed it ). Open questions do not require as much effort and reflection as closed questions do, a fact that also makes open questions easier to understand and to respond. 

When the aim is to discover something new. The research team might think that all the important possible attributes of a product could be provided by themselves. But, by allowing subjects to provide their own terms, ideas that had not been considered before might come up, and they might even snggest attributes that could be included in future studies closed-ended questions. 

Interviews provide an additional level of verification of the implanentation of written safety programs beyond the school inspection. Interviews are opportunities to measure the degree to which faculty and staff can converse on safety-related topics. Open-ended questions are the desired format for interview questions because they prompt comprehensive responses from the individuals being interviewed. Conversely, closed-ended questions should be avoided in that they only reqnire the interviewee to respond by saying yes or no. For example ... 

Have you received emergency response training This closed-ended question will only result in a yes or no response. This information can actually be confirmed through training documentation review and yields no substantive value in an interview. 

Should open-ended or closed-ended questions be used to conduct interviews Why ... 

Skillfully mix two kinds of questions with the being closed-ended questions. These are answered with yes, no, or statements of fact. They typically begin with words like how much, where, what, who, is, are, can, will, and should (Parkinson 2010). For example ... 

Ask open-ended questions. The easiest test of a question is that if it can be answered yes or no, it is not an open-ended question and you need to re-phrase it. An example of an open-ended question would be How would you describe the condition of the Number 5 press at the time of the accident An example of a closed-end question would be Was the Number 5 press in good condition at the time of the accident ... 

Suppose that the only available indicator changes color at a pH of 6.8. Is this end point close enough to the equivalence point that the titration error may be safely ignored To answer this question we need to know how the pH changes during the titration. 

The question whieh then arises is What do we call a defect in a nanotube To answer this question, we need to define what would be a perfeet nanotube. Nanotubes are mieroerystals whose properties are mainly defined by the hexagonal network that forms the eentral cylindrical part of the tube. After all, with an aspect ratio (length over diameter) of 100 to 1000, the tip structure will be a small perturbation except near the ends. This is clear from Raman studies[4] and is also the basis for calculations on nanotube proper-ties[5-7]. So, a perfect nanotube would be a cylindrical graphene sheet composed only of hexagons having a minimum of defects at the tips to form a closed seamless structure. 

When the question of the award of a Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of nuclear fission arose at the end of World War II, it was complicated by the fact that both Hahn and Strassmann were chemists. Another complication was that the Nobel Prize Committee had always considered radioactivity and radioactive atoms the responsibility of their chem-istiy committee—despite the fact that the discovery of fission had been interdisciplinai y from beginning to end. The Swedish Academy of Science was divided on whether the Chemistry Prize should be given jointly to Hahn and Meitner, or to Hahn alone. Finally they decided by a close vote to give the 1945 chemistry prize solely to Otto Hahn. 

---