Purpose of This Article

On its own, f.a.b.-m.s. cannot solve the complete structure of a carbohydrate, and it should always be incorporated into experimental programs 

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For the purposes of this article, antiestrogens are compounds that counteract the biological activity of estrogens at the receptor level. In the late 1970s, there were no steroidal antiestrogens in widespread clinical use. Clomiphene [911 -45-5]( ) and tamoxifen/7(954(9-25 -/7(9) were nonsteroidal antiestrogens that had been employed for the treatment of female infertility and breast cancer, respectively. 

The Specialty Plasticizers. Eor the purpose of this article, the term specialty plasticizer refers to any plasticizer other than DEHP (DOP), DIOP, DINP, or DIDP. 

The term oil includes a variety of liquid or easily liquefiable, unctuous, combustible substances that are soluble in ether but not in water and that leave a greasy stain on paper and cloth. These substances can include animal, vegetable, and synthetic oils, but usually the word oil refers to a mineral oil produced from petroleum (qv). An oil that has been used or contaminated, or both, but not consumed, can often be recycled to regain a useful material, regardless of its origin. For the purposes of this article, only the recycling of used petroleum oils is considered. 

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the materials designated synthetic elastomers and the elastomeric or mbbery state. Subsequent entries describe the individual classes of elastomers in detail. Table 1 provides a fundamental description of the principal classes of synthetic elastomers. Table 2 gives the widely accepted ASTM abbreviations for synthetic mbbers. 

The purpose of this article is to indicate and illustrate the very wide range of factors, apart from and beyond questions of underlying chemistry and chemical specificity, that determine or constrain the utility of various investigative efforts in catalyst research they also define the continuing and progressive contributions to the chemical industry which the catalyst chemist can make. The ultimate criteria are nearly always found in cost reduction and/or in product diversification and improvement. 

Over the past 15 years, many studies have been conducted to determine the basic physical and chemical mechanisms of combustion and ignition. Although the studies have served to illustrate many of the overall characteristics of these processes, a quantitative characterization of ignition and of combustion has yet to be accomplished. The purpose of this article is to review the studies conducted to date, to indicate the significant accomplishments, and to show the areas which are not understood and therefore need further study. The discussion of ignition is presented first, since it is the initial stage of the combustion process. 

The purpose of this article is to discuss conformational shift variations in some selected solid state spectra on the basis of discrete rotational isomeric states and to compare them with molecular packing effects. 

In order to cope with the problem of drug Induced modifications of laboratory test values, laboratory scientists should possess an understanding of the mechanisms Involved In these Interferences. The purpose of this article Is to consider these mechanisms and discuss the role of the computerized drug-test Interference file In assisting In the prediction as well as Interpretation of apparent test results. 

The purpose of this article is to focus on a single series of reactions and to illustrate some of these uses of isotopic tracers. The set of reactions involves the dehydrocyclization of n-paraffins into aromatics over non-acidic Te NaX zeolite (4-7). 

The purpose of this article is to clarify the assessment of residue analytical methods in the context of Directive 91/414/EEC. After discussing the legal and historical background, requirements for enforcement methods as well as data generation methods are reviewed. Finally, an outlook over further developments in the assessment and validation of analytical methods is provided. 

CMA), and the USDA are excellent sources of information relative to current regulatory activities which will impact both production agriculture and the setting of tolerances to ensure food safety. The purpose of this article is to summarize the key impacts of the 1996 OPPTS 860 Residue Chemistry Test Guideline series as they impact research associated with field production of RAC samples to be used in establishing safe tolerance limits for pesticides used in commercial agricultural production. 

The purpose of this article is to present a detailed description of the current field methods for collection of samples while measuring exposure of pesticides to farm workers. These current field methods encompass detailed descriptions of the methods for measuring respiratory and also dermal exposure for workers who handle the pesticide products directly (mixer-loaders and applicators) and for re-entry workers who are exposed to pesticide dislodgeable residues when re-entering treated crops. 

The purpose of this article is to review some of the current endeavors in this developing field. To maintain brevity, the focus is on recent studies carried out in our own laboratory and in conjunction with Professor M.T. Bowers at the University of California at Santa Barbara, with emphasis on the use of kinetic energy release distributions and infrared laser multiphoton excitation to probe potential energy surfaces for the reactions of atomic metal ions with alkenes and alkanes. 

The overall results of substituent effects are observed in the products of a reaction, their rates of formation, and their stereochemistries. The purpose of this article is to apply very simple theoretical techniques to correlations and predictions of the rate and stereoselectivity effects of substituents in [2+2] photocycloadditions. The theoretical methods that will be used are perturbational molecular orbital (PMO) theory and its pictorial representation, the interaction diagram. Only an outline of the theory will be given below, since several more detailed descriptions are available. 4,18-34)... 

The purpose of this article is to review recent results on the carbonylation chemistry of actinide-to-carbon sigma bonds, bearing in mind the unique properties of 5f-organometallics cited above. We focus our attention on the properties of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) actinide acyls. Just as transition metal acyls (A) occupy a pivotal role in classical carbonylation chemistry, it will be seen that many of the unusual... 

It is the purpose of this article to present some of the aspects of the mode of action, properties, and function of pectic enzymes. 

The purpose of this article is to review the results of transient low pressure studies of carbon monoxide oxidation over transition metal substrates. Particular emphasis is given to the use of in-situ electron spectroscopy, flash desorption, modulated beam and titration techniques. The strengths and weaknesses of these will be assessed with regard to kinetic insight and quantification. An attempt will be made to identify questions that are ripe for investigation. Although not limited to it, the presentation emphasizes our own work. A very recent review of the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction C l) will be useful to readers who are interested in a more comprehensive view. 

The intended purpose of this article is to demonstrate, through specific examples, how FSS can be applied to the design/construc-tion/operation of a chemical surety materiel laboratory. The laboratory under study is a 32 million dollar Military Construction, Army (MCA) project designed to replace aging facilities which are currently utilized to perform daily Chemical Surety Materiel (CSM) operations. For the purpose of this article, CSM is defined as a... 

It is not the purpose of this article to review all dehydrogenases that are known at present and not even all of those that have been described in human tissues and body fluids. A few of them have been selected that are of importance for diagnostic, prognostic or, as therapy controlling tools or, that are known as etiologic factors of pathological states. 

The theory of 13C relaxation has been dealt with in detail by Ko-moroski and coworkers2 and Lyerla and Levy.66 For the purposes of this article, the phenomenon of Tj may be described by the equation2... 

The purpose of this article is to review the papers published between January 1995 and October 1998 on >Ge=M derivatives (M = group 14, 15, or 16 elements). The early work in this field has not been summarized. 

The purpose of this article is to correlate the rather unique structural aspects of the five histone molecules—the differences among them as well as their similarities—with their biological function. Such an analysis is best approached, we believe, via a study of the many protein-protein (Section II) and protein-DNA (Section III) interactions in which the histones participate. Emphasis will be placed on the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 HI will be discussed briefly, mainly in relation to its interaction with DNA. In no sense is the bibliography meant to be exhaustive. 

It is the purpose of this article to present in its entirety one of the early applications of reaction engineering, which was well under way in 1952 before the name Reaction Engineering was even coined. We will describe the laboratory kinetic experiments, the diffusional analysis, the integration of these phenomena into a mathematical process model, its field testing and validation, and subsequent use in process design, modification, control, and optimization. 

The object of this article is to present a concise development of the key elements of atmospheric diffusion theory leading to the formulas in common use for carrying out atmospheric diffusion calculations. The article is intended to be a unified treatment of the subject that introduces the principal ideas and shows many of the important derivations of atmospheric diffusion theory. An attempt has not been made to provide a comprehensive, evaluative literature review of current work in atmospheric diffusion theory, although we will have occasion to refer to much of the recent literature. One purpose of this article is to present usable formulas for performing atmospheric diffusion calculations. In doing so, we have not endeavored to survey in a detailed way the experiences of others gained in use of the formulas. A relatively thorough list of recent references is provided for the reader who desires to pursue the subject further. 

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