Cortex cerebellar

PTEN Cowden disease, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Proteus syndrome, Lhermitte-Duclos disease overgrowths of various organs, hamartomas of the skin, mucosa, cerebellar cortex high risk of developing several types of cancer. Spontaneous pten mutations found frequently in human cancers... 

Spinocerebellar Cerebellar cortex (Purkinje cells), 6-39 40-81 Ataxin-1 NI (n, c)... 

Joseph disease) SCA6 pontine nucleus, cerebellar cortex Cerebellar and mild brain stem atrophy 4-18 21-30 VDCCa1Asubunit NI (memb)... 

Spinal and bulbar cerebellar cortex, brain stem Motor neurons, dorsal root ganglia 11-34 40-62 Androgen receptor NI (n)... 

Palay, S. L. and Chan-Palay, V. Cerebellar Cortex Cytology and Organization. New York Springer, 1974. 

Nicholson JL, Altman J (1972) The effects of early hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the development of the rat cerebellar cortex. II. Synaptogenesis in the molecular layer. Brain... 

The PFC, PAC, and ITC all project to the caudate nucleus as part of the cognitive circuit through the basal ganglia, which projects via the thalamus back to PFC (Fig. 8.2). In contrast, the motor circuit involves cortical projections to the putamen, which in turn projects back onto the premotor cortices (Fig. 8.2). This pathway is important for the planning, selection, initiation, and execution of movements. The entire cortical mantle also projects indirectly to the cerebellar cortex (not shown), which ultimately projects back to the primary motor cortex. This pathway serves as a biological gyroscope, providing on-line correction of movements. 

PAM crosses the blood-brain barrier with difficulty. 2-PAM in rat brain, 10 min after injection, is only about 5-12% of that in plasma higher percentages are in the more heavily vascularized areas, such as cerebral and cerebellar cortex and inferior colliculi.34 This low brain-to-blood ratio persists, but over the next 6 h the brain and blood come closer to equilibrium as the blood... 

The noradrenergic pathways, primarily situated in the locus ceruleus—a deeply pigmented (hence the name, alluding to its blue color) small cell group involved in behaviour, mood, and sleep. The cortex, some thalamic and hypothalamic centers, and the cerebellar cortex are innervated from here. The noradrenergic pathways of the tegmentum are less well known. 

Inoue, Y., Matsumura, Y., Inoue, K., Ichikawa, R., Takayama, C., 1993, Abnormal synaptic architecture in the cerebellar cortex of a new dystonic mutant mouse, Wriggle Mouse Sagami. Neurosci Res 16, 39—48. 

Cerebellar degeneration, degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, especially the Purkinje cells, causing ataxia and truncal instability. 

Cerebral cortex Hippocampus Cerebellar cortex Glial cells... 

Daniel H, Crepel F (2001) Control of Ca(2+) influx by cannabinoid and metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat cerebellar cortex requires K(+) channels. J Physiol 537(Pt 3) 793-800 Davis MI, Ronesi J, Lovinger DM (2003) A predominant role for inhibition of the adenylate cy-clase/protein kinase A pathway in ERK activation by cannabinoid receptor 1 in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 278(49) 48973-80 Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Griffin G, Gibson D, Mandelbaum A, Etinger A, Mechoulam R (1992) Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 258 1946-9... 

Ito M, Kano M (1982) Long-lasting depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell transmission induced by conjunctive stimulation of parallel fibers and climbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex. Neu-rosci Lett 33 253-8... 

Pertwee RG, Fernando SR (1996) Evidence for the presence of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in mouse urinary bladder. Br J Pharmacol 118(8) 2053—8 Pitler TA, Alger BE (1992) Postsynaptic spike firing reduces synaptic GABAa responses in hippocampal pyramidal cells. J Neurosci 12 4122-32 Porter AC, Sauer JM, Knierman MD, Becker GW, Bema MJ, Bao J, Nomikos GG, Carter P, Bymaster FP, Leese AB, Felder CC (2002) Characterization of a novel endocannabinoid, vi-rodhamine, with antagonist activity at the CB1 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 301(3) 1020-4 Rancillac A, Barbara JG (2005) Frequency-dependent recruitment of inhibition mediated by stellate cells in the rat cerebellar cortex. J Neurosci Res 80(3) 414-23... 

Szabo B, Urbanski MJ, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V, Mendiguren A, Bar W, Freiman I (2006) Depolarization-induced retrograde synaptic inhibition in the cerebellar cortex is mediated by 2-arachidonoylglycerol. J Physiol in press. 

Fig. 16.10a-d. A 66-year-old man found comatose after severe intoxication. The neuropathological findings show diffuse cortical necrosis (recent, a) the arrows indicate that edema predominates in the depth of the sulci. There are shrunken neurons with eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei (b, c). The cerebellar cortex shows shrunken necrotic Purkinje cells (d)... 

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