Pulse treatment

Locked-up syndrome is an acute excess syndrome. The orifices are locked up by disturbance of Qi and blood, which are complicated by phlegm, heat or cold, as well as ascending Yang. The symptoms are characterized by blockage of the orifices and a locked-up body, such as loss of consciousness, locked jaw, clenched fists, rigid limbs and a wiry, slippery and forceful pulse. Treatment should be given to open the orifices, expel phlegm, clear heat or warm the internal cold, and harmonize the Qi and blood. 

Jacobs J fy Geenen R, Evers AW, et al. Short term effects of corticosteroid pulse treatment on disease activity and the wellbeing of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 60 61-64. 

Yilmaz A, Bieler G, Spertini O, Lejeune FL, Ruegg C. Pulse treatment of human vascular endothelial cells with high doses of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma results in simultaneous synergistic and reversible effects on proliferation and morphology. Int J Cancer 1998 77 592-599. 

Kersting K, van Wijngaarden RPA. 1999. Effects of pulsed treatment with the herbicide afa-lon (active ingredient linuron) on macrophyte dominated mesocosms I. Resonses of ecosysem metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 18 2859-2865. 

Dierick CC, Casparian JM,Venugopalan V,FarinelliWA, Anderson RR.Thermal relaxation of port-wine stain vessels probed in vivo the need for 1-10 millisecond laser pulse treatment. J Invest Dermatol 1995 105 709-14. 

Spaced single enormous doses (pulse treatment), e.g. methylprednisolone (as sodium succinate) up to 1 g i.v. on 3 consecutive days, are sometimes used to suppress highly active inflammatory disease and buy time to change the DMARD or dose. 

THE MORPHOLOGY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Fe, Cr AND Mg SILICIDE NANOCRYSTALLITES BURIED IN SILICON BY ION IMPLANTATION, PULSED TREATMENTS AND Si OVERGROWTH... 

The morphology and optical properties of Si samples implanted by Fe, Cr and Mg ions have been studied before and after pulsed annealing by laser and ion beams. Ultrahigh vacuum cleaning and epitaxial growth of Si films with thickness up to 500 nm have been carried out for Si with Fe and Cr silicide nanocr>stallites. Optimum conditions of pulsed treatments have been determined for all samples. 

The comparative analysis of the changes in the morphology of Si implanted by Fe Cr and Mg ions before and after pulsed treatments was carried out on the base of AFM data. Optical and Raman spectroscopy data for Si samples... 

The improvement of the machining quality by the application of shorter pulses is shown in Fig. 13. For fused silica, scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of ablation craters have been taken. All of them were produced with 80 pulses per spot but with different pulse durations between 3 ps (Fig. 13a) and 5 fs (Fig. 13d). For each hole, the maximum laser fluence F0 was about (3-5)xFth as can be seen from Fig. 12. It is clearly demonstrated that the crater morphology is much more controlled by the spatial beam profile in the 5-fs case than for pulses with r>100 fs (Fig. 13a, b). Even compared to the 20-fs pulse treatment (Fig. 13c), the regularity and reproducibility of the ablation is improved for the shortest pulses. 

For thermally sensitive or undoped polymers with low linear absorption at the laser wavelength, the use of femtosecond laser pulses can improve the ablation precision in contrast to long-pulse treatment. Further, the thermal load to the samples is minimized. For these reasons, femtosecond laser pulses were chosen to perforate a polyethylene membrane serving as a diffusion-discriminating element on a miniaturized biosensor for the measurement of glucose concentration [78]. 

The significance of these findings for the clinical application of these compounds is unclear. We and others have shown that transient histone acetylation associated with pulse treatment of cells with hydroxamic acids is not sufficient to promote G2M arrest. Consistent with this, it may be the... 

From these preliminary results it may be concluded that the pulse treatment represents a distinct advance, since it reduces the problem of a hard adherent scale to a question of removal of a soft sludge. It is believed that this latter difficulty can be resolved by adequate spacer design. 

A detailed analysis revealed that the initiation of young pods was promoted at distal raceme locations where pod set was unlikely on untreated racemes [Fig. la 3]. With this single pulse treatment of BA, many of these pods initiated at the distal end of the raceme subsequently aborted (Fig. Ic). The major effect on mature pod load was a large increase in pods in the center of the raceme (Fig. Id). The increase in likelihood of pod retention with BA treatment is best expressed by reproductive structures ranging from post-anthesis flowers to pods less than 1 cm in length at the time of treatment. Pods which attain a larger size naturally prior to treatment are likely to achieve full development, while buds prior to flowering usually do not respond to the BA treatment (Table 3). 

The electric field pulse treatment of a suspension of mixed protoplasts of auxotrophic yeast strains in the presence of PEG and Ca -ions strongly enhances the fusion of protoplasts as detected by selection of prototrophic colonies on solid minimal medium. In our experiments the number of prototrophic colonies formed from protoplast suspensions to which an electric field pulse of proper strength had been applied was much higher than from unaffected suspensions (see Table 2). These colonies are the result of complementation of auxotrophic deficiency of the parental strains. The latter are not able to grow and to form colonies on unsupplemented minimal medium. The optimal field strength in the case of intraspecific fusion is about 3 to 5 kV/cm for Sm.lipolytica (Table 2). 

Eshtiaghi, M. N., Knorr, D., 2002. High electric field pulse treatment Potential for sugar beet processing./. Food Eng. 52 265-272. 

The stage of the cell cycle in which the cells are exposed to the chemical can also have an effect on the numbers of SCEs induced. As discussed earlier, SCEs are observed at metaphase only if there is a DNA-replication phase after induction of the lesion. If, as seems likely, SCE occurs at or near a replication fork," the extent of SCE increase will not be the same after treatment during different parts of the second S phase. For example, pulse treatment during early S will result in lesions in prereplication DNA that will give rise during DNA synthesis to SCE that will be visible at the following metaphase. In contrast, pulse treatment of cells in late S phase will result in lesions mainly in postreplication DNA these lesions will not be converted to SCE until the next S phase and will therefore not be visible in the first metaphase after treatment. 

Another factor that determines the number of SCEs observed is illustrated by the experiments of Wolff, who found that some of the lesions caused by a pulse treatment of a short-half-life chemical such as AAAF before BrdUrd was added to CHO cells resulted in SCEs being formed in the second S phase after pulse treatment. Thus, some lesions evidently survive until the second S phase after treatment. 

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