Flowering anthesis

Deciduous Normally shed in flowers the falling of petals after the period or state of anthesis or expansion in a flower (full bloom) and in leaves falling annually. 

Treatment No. of Staminate Flowers Produced Preceding First Pistillate Flower Days from Seeding to Anthesis of First Pistillate Flower Nodes Preceding First Pistillate Flower... 

Inspection of flower primordia in the Japanese cucumber, Somohanhiak, revealed that both staminate and pistillate primordia are present in each flower, and sex expression at anthesis is apparently dependent upon the relative growth rates of the two types of primordia (10). Perhaps this is also true for other cucumber varieties. Thus, environmental or chemical alterations in flower sex expression probably fall under the category of regulation which is an effect on development or maturation, rather than induction or differentiation. 

The cotton fibers used in textile commerce are the dried cell walls of formerly living cells. Botanically, cotton fibers are trichomes or seed coat hairs that differentiate from epidermal cells of the developing cottonseed. The cotton flower blooms only for one day and quickly becomes senescent thereafter. On the day of full bloom, or anthesis, the flower petals are pure white in most G. hirsutum varieties. By the day after anthesis, the petals turn bright pink in color and, usually by the second day after anthesis, the petals fall off the developing carpel (boll). The day of anthesis serves as a reference point for all subsequent events in the seed and fiber development. 

Conversion of L-ascorbic acid to tartaric acid in the grape was limited to certain stages of development (Tables I and II). Leaves detached from the tip of the vine or the position opposite the flower cluster prior to anthesis (or at anthesis) readily utilized ascorbic acid for tartaric acid... 

Flowers of Morita navel oranges were treated with brassinolide solution at anthesis. Fruit set of trees treated with 0.1 and 0.01 ppm brassinolide increased by ca. 5 and 2.5 times respectively, when surveyed 50 days after treatment. At harvest there were no differences in quality between treated and untreated fruits. Since brassinolide-treated squash segments only showed slight changes in hormone content, brassinolide may have a direct action on stimulating fruit set without marked changes in the levels of other endogenous phytohormones. 

Brassinolide solution was sprayed until flowers and fruits were completely wet. Treatments were done on the day of anthesis and also 2 months after anthesis when "June drop" had ceased. During June drop non-treated plants showed ca. 98% abortion (Table HI). Flower numbers and initial fruit set were computed on the day of treatment. 

Melons used in this study were from authenticated seed, cv Makdimon, obtained from commercial seed producers. They were grown in a weather protected environment using a hydroponic system with a controlled nutrient mix. Flowers were tagged on the day of anthesis with inspections being carried out every day during the most intense flowering periods. Fruits that set on the same day were used as sample material. All data obtained were referred to fruit age as days after anthesis (daa). 

The second role is in the thermogenesis which occurs in the spadix of certain Arum lilies. In Sauromatum gutatum the floral spadix heats up at anthesis, due to a hormone originating in the male flowers there is strong evidence that this hormone is SA [103]. 

Flowers of the genus Acacia s.l. are always found in globular heads or spikes. The flowers are (3-)4-5(-6)-merous, with free or united sepals and small reduced petals, which are postgenitally fused and which split open at anthesis. The androecium is... 

Fig 12.2 Mature flowers of Afa/oofeowaca. (A)-(B)N. imperiaUs (C)-(F)JV. vogelii. (A)-(D) Distal and lateral view of flower at anthesis. (E) detail of (C) central part with staminodes, stamens and ovary. (F) Floral bud prior to anthesis. Note the petals opening along the midribs. Af, fertile stamen As, sterile stamen Ci, inner corona Co, outer corona Ct, corona threads St, stylar lobe. Scale bars = 10 mm. For colour illustration see plate section. 

DAA days after anthesis DAF day after flowering FC field experiments temperature MT middle temperature LT low temperature MO mid-oleic triacylglycerol. 

A detailed analysis revealed that the initiation of young pods was promoted at distal raceme locations where pod set was unlikely on untreated racemes [Fig. la 3]. With this single pulse treatment of BA, many of these pods initiated at the distal end of the raceme subsequently aborted (Fig. Ic). The major effect on mature pod load was a large increase in pods in the center of the raceme (Fig. Id). The increase in likelihood of pod retention with BA treatment is best expressed by reproductive structures ranging from post-anthesis flowers to pods less than 1 cm in length at the time of treatment. Pods which attain a larger size naturally prior to treatment are likely to achieve full development, while buds prior to flowering usually do not respond to the BA treatment (Table 3). 

Cytokinins probably play a role in sex expression. It may be that in certain monecious species cytokinins are below a critical level for differentiation of perfect flowers. Topical applications of cytokinin to a known staminate flowered grapevine 3 weeks before anthesis induced the plant to produce perfect flowers (Negi and Olmo 1966). An additional example is to be found in the production of male flowers by Mercurialis annua following treatment with cytokinins (Durand 1969). Furthermore, soaking of Luff a acutangula seed in a N-benzyladenine solution promoted early pistillate flower production (Bose and Nitsch 1970). In this connection it may be important to note that cytokinins have been reported to induce ethylene formation in plant tissues (Fuchs and Lieberman 1968). 

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