Pulsed treatment parameters

This treatment of surface coils is divided into the use of surface coils as transmitters only, as receivers only, as transmitters and receivers combined, and on experimental aspects relating to the dependence of the interrogated volume on pulse-sequence parameters [Bosl, Bos2]. 

Water treatment parameters Pulsed arc discharges Spark discharges Pulsed corona discharges... 

MeV required in proton-therapy for an effective treatment of deep seated tumors [26]. Fuchs and co-authors have proposed a scaling law [27], allowing the necessary laser parameters to produce proton beams of interest for such applications to be estimated. In their work, best suited to hundreds of fs/some ps duration laser pulses, they use the self-similar fluid model proposed by Mora [28] giving the following estimate for the maximum FWD proton energy ... 

In the experiment, the transmission intensities for the excited and the dark sample are determined by the number of x-ray photons (/t) recorded on the detector behind the sample, and we typically accumulate for several pump-probe shots. In the absence of external noise sources the accuracy of such a measurement is governed by the shot noise distribution, which is given by Poisson statistics of the transmitted pulse intensity. Indeed, we have demonstrated that we can suppress the majority of electronic noise in experiment, which validates this rather idealistic treatment [13,14]. Applying the error propagation formula to eq. (1) then delivers the experimental noise of the measurement, and we can thus calculate the signal-to-noise ratio S/N as a function of the input parameters. Most important is hereby the sample concentration nsam at the chosen sample thickness d. Via the occasionally very different absorption cross sections in the optical (pump) and the x-ray (probe) domains it will determine the fraction of excited state species as a function of laser fluence. 

The wavepacket calculation for the femtosecond pump-probe experiment presented in Fig. 16 (bottom) is the result of the first consistent ab initio treatment for three coupled potential-energy surfaces in the complete three-dimensional vibrational space of the Naa molecule. In order to simulate the experimental femtosecond ion signal, the experimental pulse parameters were used duration A/fWhm = 120 fs, intensity I - 520 MW/cm2, and central... 

We therefore advise that the reader should consult a recent series of papers published by Galvez et al. [171, 172] encompassing all the mechanisms mentioned in Sect. 7.1, elaborated for both d.c. and pulse polarography. The principles of the Galvez method are clearly outlined in the first part of the series [171]. It is similar to the dimensionless parameter method of Koutecky [161], which enables the series solutions for the auxiliary concentration functions cP and cQ exp (kt) and

combined directly with the partial differential equations of the type of eqn. (203). In some of the treatments, the sphericity of the DME is also accounted for. The results are usually visualized by means of predicted polarograms, some examples of which are reproduced in Fig. 38. Naturally, the numerical description of the surface concentrations at fixed potential are also immediately available, in terms of the postulated power series, and the recurrent relationships obtained for the coefficients of these series. 

The plug flow reactor is increasingly being used under transient conditions to obtain kinetic data by analysing the combined reactor and catalyst response upon a stimulus. Mostly used are a small reactant pulse (e.g. in temporal analysis of products (TAP) [16] and positron emission profiling (PEP) [17, 18]) or a concentration step change (in step-response measurements (SRE) [19]). Isotopically labeled compounds are used which allow operation under overall steady state conditions, but under transient conditions with respect to the labeled compound [18, 20-23]. In this type of experiments both time- and position-dependent concentration profiles will develop which are described by sets of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). These include the concentrations of proposed intermediates at the catalyst. The mathematical treatment is more complex and more parameters are to be estimated [17]. Basically, kinetic studies consist of ... 

Electroporation efficiency depends on the parameters of electric pulses that are delivered to the treated cells using specially designed electrodes and electronic devices. In vitro experiments usually employ parallel plate types of electrodes made of inert metals like stainless steel or platinum but needle types of electrodes are also used for tissue electroporation [24,25,27,28] as well as for tumor treatment apphcations [29-32]. There are two types of electroporator devices available devices with voltage output and those with current output. However, a voltage output device seems to be preferable, which is widely used for diverse applications. 

In patients presenting with propoxyphene toxicity, the airway should be patent and adequate ventilation assured. If the patient has either inadequate ventilation or a poor gag reflex, then the patient may be at risk of subsequent CO2 narcosis, worsening acidosis, and/or aspiration. If necessary, endotracheal tube intubation should be performed. The initial treatment of hypotension consists of intravenous fluids. There should be close monitoring of the patient s pulmonary parameters to ensure that pulmonary edema does not develop as fluids are infused. The patient should be placed on continuous cardiac monitoring with pulse oximetry. Frequent neurological checks should be made. Gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered only after initial supportive care has been provided and airway control has been assured. Activated charcoal (Igkg ) may be administered. 

We want to show the relation (13) of Section II.A in a more general setting in which the semiclassical Hamiltonian can have other time-dependent parameters, and in which the frequency can be chirped. This is the general setting needed for the treatment of adiabatic evolution with chirped pulses in Section IV.A, Eq. (223). We consider a semiclassical Hamiltonian of the form... 

Table 2 Modification thresholds H,h(N) and incubation parameters for the treatment of different polymers with laser pulses of t=150 fs and 1=800 nm [66]...

Manas, P., Barsotti, L., and Cheftel, J.C. 2001. Microbial inactivation by pulsed electric fields in a batch treatment chamber Effect of some electrical parameters and food constituents. Innovative Eood Science and Emerging Technologies 2 239-249. 

---