How to Deliver Electric Pulses in Patient Treatment

A particular phenomenon of great importance for the antitumor effect of electrochemotherapy is an antivascular effect This effect has several elements  

1) A direct reflexory constriction at the level of the arterioles, lasting only a few minutes, in direct response to the electric pulses [25]. 

2) A permeabihzing effect on the tumor vessels leading to collapse of intratu-moral capillaries [26]. 

3) A high interstitial pressure in the tumor combined with additional edema due to leakage of increased intracellular sodium after permeabihzation, leading to further compression of the already collapsed tumor capillaries. 

4) A direct toxic effect on endothelial cells as well as on tumor cells due to the internalization of bleomycin [27]. 

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