Pulp characterization

Landucci, L. L. Quinones in alkaline pulping. Characterization of an anthrahydroqui-none-quinone methide intermediate. Tappi 1980, 63, 95-99. 

Broderick, G., Paris, J., Valade, J.L. and Wood, J., 1995, Applying Latent Vector Analysis to Pulp Characterization, Papeti jaPuu, 77 (6-7) 410-419. 

As of the mid-1990s, soluble sihcates are used primarily as sources of reactive siUca (57%), in detergency (qv) (23%), in pulp (qv) and paper (qv) production (7%), for adhesives and binders (5%), and in other appHcations (8%). The stmcture and chemistry of solutions containing polymeric siHcate species have been characterized using modem analytical techniques. This improved understanding of siHcate speciation contributes to the development of new markets. Thus, the sodium silicates constitute a versatile, stable, and growing commodity and are ranked among the top 50 commodity chemicals. 

The most comprehensive set of test methods for calcium carbonate has been assembled by the Pulverized Limestone Division of the National Stone Association. Methods for particle size, brightness, +325 mesh (44 -lm), and percentage of calcium carbonate have been pubflshed standards are available and have been well characterized (5). The Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPl) has pubflshed methods for calcium carbonate used in the paper industry (6). 

Use of Sulfur-35 to Characterize the Sulfate Content in Nitrocellulose (NC). Military grades f NC are prepared by nitrating a suitable grade of cellulose, either cotton linters or wood pulp,... 

The number of reports about hemicelluloses that have been covered by this review indicates the significantly increased importance of all types of hemicelluloses as plant constituents and isolated polymers during the last decade. Attention has been paid not only to known hemicelluloses but also to the primary structure, physicochemical, physical, and various functional properties of hemicelluloses isolated from hitherto uninvestigated plants. The efforts to exploit a variety of plant as potential sources of hemicelluloses were pointed out particularly for agricultural crops, wood wastes, as well as for by-products of pulp and rayon fiber technologies. Many studies were devoted to characterize seed-storage hemicelluloses from plants that have been traditionally applied in food and medicine of many underdeveloped countries to find substitutes for imported commercial food giuns. 

Complex manufacturing systems, such as an unbleached Kraft pulp plant (Fig. 9), are almost always characterized by some type of internal structure, composed of a number of interconnected subsystems with their own data collection and decisionmaking responsibilities. This raises a number of additional issues, not addressed in previous sections. For instance, if the learning methodology described in Section VI is applied to the digester module of a pulp plant (Fig. 9), it is possible for the final selected solution, to include ranges of desired values of sulfidity... 

Among tropical fruits, red guavas, containing 76 to 86% of lycopene in relation to total carotenoid, can be considered good sources of lycopene. An indigenous Southeast Asia fruit called gac in Vietnam and used as a rice colorant shows an intense red color in the seed membrane (seed pulp or aril) of the ripe fruit the mesocarp, characterized by its yellow color, is discarded. Although some discrepancies can be found in the literature regarding the lycopene content in gac fruits (Table 4.2.3), this fruit is an extraordinarily rich source of lycopene. ... 

The third described enzyme form with pH optimum about 4.7 [11, 4], we found in Fraction C - the fraction from carrot roots pulp (Fig. 2). We supposed that this form of exopolygalacturonase is relatively strongly bound on carrot cell walls and so it can be released only by higher salt concentrations. The approximative molecular mass determination on Superose 12 (Fig. 3c) showed the molecular mass about 50 000 for this form and the second, with more acidic pH optimum, form present in the fraction. The further characterization of these enzymes showed the exopolygalacturonase with pH optimum 4.7 to be identical with enzyme described sooner by Pressey and Avants [4] and exopolygalacturonase with pH optimum 3.8 to be identical with the enzyme from Fraction A. In conclusion, the exopolygalacturonase form with pH optimum 3.8 can be considered to be the main enzyme form present in carrot roots. 

Hydraulic classifiers are devices that are characterized by the use of water additional to that contained in the feed pulp, and introduced so that its direction of flow opposes that of the... 

The pulp and paper industry is characterized by very large facihties of the 514 pulp and paper mills reported by the Bureau of the Census in 1998, 343 (67%) had 100 or more employees. Across all of... 

Berardini N, Carle R and Schieber A. 2004. Characterization of gallotannins and benzophenone derivatives from mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Tommy Atkins ) peels, pulp and kernels by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(19) 2208—2216. 

Kallqvist T, Carlberg GE, Kringstad A. 1989. Ecotoxicological characterization of industrial wastewater -sulfite pulp mill with bleaching. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 18 321-336. 

Chemical Characterization of Pulp and Paper Mill Waters. 32... 

The chemical industry is a sub-industry of the process industry. The process industry is characterized by production in processes that can be convergent as well as divergent. The process industry consists of firms that "add value by mixing, separating, forming and/or chemical reactions by either batch of continuous mode" (Wallace 1992 reviewed by Den-nis/Meredith 2000, p. 683). Products in process industries can be intermediates and finished products at the same time sold or used for others products. Other sub-industries in the process industries are oil and gas, steel and metals, pulp and paper or pharmaceuticals as well as parts of consumer goods such as food production. 

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