Kraft pulp plant

Complex manufacturing systems, such as an unbleached Kraft pulp plant (Fig. 9), are almost always characterized by some type of internal structure, composed of a number of interconnected subsystems with their own data collection and decisionmaking responsibilities. This raises a number of additional issues, not addressed in previous sections. For instance, if the learning methodology described in Section VI is applied to the digester module of a pulp plant (Fig. 9), it is possible for the final selected solution, to include ranges of desired values of sulfidity... 

Fig. 9. General overview of unbleached Kraft pulp plant.

O-methyltransferase activity have an opposite impact on the efficiency of industrial kraft pulping. Plant Physiol. 1999, 119, 153-163. 

Although the hydrolysis of wood to produce simple sugars has not proved to be economically feasible, by-product sugars from sulfite pulping are used to produce ethanol and to feed yeast (107). Furthermore, a hemiceUulose molasses, obtained as a by-product in hardboard manufacture, can be used in catde feeds instead of blackstrap molasses (108). Furfural can be produced from a variety of wood processing byproducts, such as spent sulfite Hquor, bquors from the prehydrolysis of wood for kraft pulping, hardboard plants, and hardwood wastes (109). 

Steel Plants Electric Arc Furnaces and Argon-Oxygen Decarhurization Vessels Constructed after August 7, 1983 Kraft Pulp Mills Glass Manufacturing Plants Grain Elevators... 

Coal-cleaning plants (with thermal dryers) Kraft-pulp mills Portland-cement plants Primary zinc smelters Iron and steel mill plants Primary aluminum-ore-reduction plants Primary copper smelters ... 

The most widely used pulping process is the kraft process, as shown in Fig. 6-11, which results in recovery and regeneration of the chemicals. This occurs in the recovery furnace, which operates with both oxidizing and reducing zones. Emissions from such recovery furnaces include particulate matter, very odorous reduced sulfur compounds, and oxides of sulfur. If extensive and expensive control is not exercised over the kraft pulp process, the odors and aerosol emissions will affect a wide area. Odor complaints have been reported over 100 km away from these plants. A properly controlled and operated kraft plant will handle huge amounts of material and produce millions of kilograms of finished products per day, with little or no complaint regarding odor or particulate emissions. 

The overall system that we will analyze comprises the unbleached Kraft pulp line, chemicals and energy recovery zones of a specific paper mill (Melville and Williams, 1977). We will employ a somewhat simplified but still realistic representation of the plant, originally developed in a series of research projects at Purdue University (Adler and Goodson, 1972 Foster et al., 1973 Melville and Williams, 1977). The records of simulated operation data, used to support the application of our learning architecture, were generated by a reimplementation, with only minor changes, of steady-state models (for each individual module and the system as a... 

FIGURE 21.8 Typical wastewater treatment plant. (Taken from U.S. EPA, Kraft Pulp Mill Compliance Assessment Guide (CAA, CWA, RCRA and EPCRA), U.S. EPA, EPA/310-B-99-001, Washington, May 1999.)... 

Jaspers, C.J. Jiminez, G. Penninck, M.J. Evidence for a role of manganese peroxidase in the decolorization of Kraft pulp bleach plant effluent Phanerochaete chrysosporium effects of initial culture conditions on enzyme production. J. Biotechnol. 1994, 37, 229-234. 

A demonstration plant, producing 15 metric tons of organosolv pulp a day, was constructed in New Brunswick, Ontario. A comparison of the strength properties of Alcell and kraft pulps is given in Table 28.5. The process as described above is only suitable for hard-woods.8,22... 

Gaspar, A. R., Evtuguin, D. V, and Neto, C. P., Polyoxometalate-catalyzed oxygen delignification of kraft pulp A pilot-plant experience. Industrial Eng Chem Res 2004,43 (24), 7754-7761. 

Standards of Performance for Steel Plants Electric Arc Furnaces and Argon-Oxygen Decarburization Vessels Constructed After August 17, 1983 Standards of Performance for Kraft Pulp Mills Standards of Performance for Glass Manufacturing Plants Standards of Performance for Grain Elevators Standards of Performance for Surface Coating of Metal Furniture (Reserved)... 

Occurrence, formation, structure and reactions. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 511-573 Andersson S-I, Samuelson O (1985) Formation of soluble compounds during pretreatment of kraft pulp with nitrogen dioxide. Sven Papperstidn 88 R102-R104 Bagby MO, Nelson GH, Helman EG, Clark EF (1971) Determination of lignin in non-wood plant fiber sources. Tappi 54 1876-1878... 

Yao KW, Kennedy KJ, Tam CM, and Hazlett JD. Pre-treatment of kraft pulp bleach plant effluent by selected ultrafiltration membranes. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1994 72(6) 991-999. 

Faith F, Jonsson A-S, and Wimmerstedt R. Ultrafiltration of effluents from chlorine-free, kraft pulp hleach plant. Desalination 2001 133 155-165. 

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