Public consciousness

As public consciousness of the harmful effects of exposure to ultraviolet light (skin cancer, premature ageing, etc.) has increased, there has been a substantial increase in the use of sunscreens. These sunscreens have, however, been associated with a number of reported problems such as phototoxicity and photoallergy. The use of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its derivatives has been discontinued due to their ability to... 

Atomic Energy Authority. Science needs icons like this to lodge its ideas within the public consciousness. 

By agreeing to write to President Roosevelt in support of Szilard s idea, Einstein unwittingly linked his name with the bomb for ever. The 1949 cover of Time magazine that juxtaposed Einstein s famously shaggy features against a mushroom cloud sealed in the public consciousness the notion that Einstein somehow invented the bomb. In fact, this ultimate weapon was the product not of his most celebrated abstraction, E = mc, but of a prodigious feat of chemical and mechanical engineering bankrolled by the US military. 

Analytical chemistry, or at least the results of chemical analyses, probably impinge on the public consciousness more than most other aspects of chemistry. A symposium held in 1999 on the interaction between analytical chemistry and the law contained three historical papers. The first concentrated mainly on the British and Irish contexts,337 the second, by the grandson of C. R. Fresenius, compared the present-day position of the analyst as expert with that obtaining in his grandfather s day,338 and the third discussed the development of expertise in forensic chemical analysis illustrated by case studies from the Viennese Institute.339... 

Recent events in London, as reported in the international press, in which an attempt was made to fabricate the explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) in-flight from the liquids acetone and a concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution, have forced the topic of the identification of liquids firmly into the public consciousness. XRD identification of liquids is thus the topic of this section. Several parameters by which XRD profiles of liquids may be characterized will be described here. 

Nano is a word that is no longer reserved for science but has entered the public consciousness. The field of nanoscience with its promise of amazing nanotechnologies is one of today s most challenging, exciting, multidisciplinary and competitive... 

Peter Stafford has an elephant s memory for what happened to Public Consciousness."... 

Since September 11, 2001, emergency response and preparedness for hazardous materials is shifting from hazmat releases being the result of accidents to hazmat releases being used as weapons of mass destruction. Current discussions of hazmat have identified a real potential for hazmat to be used as weapons of mass effect, which takes into account the potential effect on the public consciousness. 

My accusers claim that I inflict torture on animals for the sole purpose of career advancement. My experiments supposedly have no relevance to medicine and are easily replaced by computer simulation. Meanwhile, an apathetic public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious politicians increasingly give way to the demands of the activists. 

The... code of honor is that you don t turn anybody else in, Doblin continues. That s lost from the public consciousness. And that s more true from the old days, from the pot dealers. That sort of shifted when the pot dealers got into coke. But that s always been the case with the LSD dealers. That s why the DEA s been very rarely busting labs and major distributors for LSD. Wilkinson 2001... 

When the downturn of coal mining was a central concern of British society, films such as John Ford s How Green Was My Valley and Carol Reed s The Stars Look Down were produced. Today, sexual abuse and incest, particularly concerning children, is a powerful issue. Films like John Smith s The Boys of St. Vincent, Angelica Huston s Bastard Out of Carolina, Tod Solondz s Happiness, all attest to the power of this issue in the public consciousness. 

Back in the United States, the Tompkinses launched a complete makeover of the entire Esprit enterprise, a roller-coaster process for fixing the brand in the public consciousness that would take from 1980 to 1985. All the old Plain Jane brands, which had different names and... 

But there were a few unwritten rules for foreign investors, and Tompkins broke a big one when he criticized and then sued a powerful Chilean salmon farmer in 1994. And that was when the secret of Tompkins s conservation efforts entered the public consciousness, and the inevitable conflict took root between his zero-development conservation ethic and the long-held Chilean dream of a million-strong force of settlers taming Patagonia, much as the old West had been tamed in America, marching down a Southern Highway that never seemed to get built. It was not a realistic dream, but its romantic appeal ran deep. 

As many of us know, this is one side of a dialogue that has been in progress since we all were young. Like the phoenix arising from the ashes, this seemingly endless debate about who should own the patents arising from federally-funded research contracts reasserts itself into the public consciousness periodically. 

Another point to keep in mind is that public consciousness and concern about environmental issues tends to wax and wane. Superimposed on this cyclic pattern, however, is a general trend towards increasing expectations for cleanliness of air and water, and maintenance of natural resources. The revived interest in sustainable development, fueled by increasing petrochemical prices (until recently) and increasingly by concerns about global climate change, is very much part of this overall trend. 

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) entered the public consciousness in the 1980s [1] with the identification of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) as the causative pathogen (2, 3]. HIV-1 infection and AIDS has since grown into epidemic proportions affecting millions of individuals across the globe. In 2007, some 33 million individuals were estimated to be infected, including some 2.7 million new infections in that year. Resulting deaths from AIDS in 2007 were estimated to be some 2.0 miOion [4]. 

In the United States, as the public consciously chooses to purchase recycled products or products that contain recycle content, the value of recycled materials changes (21). The consciousness of the consumer pubhc translates this into law in Oregon, California, Wisconsin, and Florida, with other states to follow. This plus the realization that recycling is a part of waste management, like landfills or incinerators, and is a cost society must bear in effect separates the supply-demand curve of the recycled material from the supply-demand curve of the virgin material. Also, as recyclers obtain Food and Drug Administration status and ISO certification, new market opportunities will open the possibility for higher prices for materials derived from the waste stream (28). 

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