Containers recycling

NCRC National Container Recycling PA polyamide (nylon)... 

Japan Chemical Week 40,No.2031, 1st July 1999, p.9 CONTAINERS RECYCLING LAW TO BE ENFORCED NEXT APRIL... 

Final cover, in landfill design, 25 879 Final product specification, 5 779-780 Final Report on Post Consumer PET Container Recycling, 20 55 Financial conflicts of interest, 24 370 Financial risk assessment, uncertainty analysis in, 26 1001... 

Sisson, E. and Howell, R PET/PEN containers recycling update, presentation given at the Bev-Pak Americas 98 Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, April 6-7, 1998. 

Zobiack, N., Rescher, U., Ludwig, C., Zeuschner, D., and V. Gerke, 2003, The annexin 2/S100A10 complex controls the distribution of transferrin receptor-containing recycling endosomes. Mol Biol Cell. 14(12) 4896-908. 

According to the Container Recycling Institute, only 14 percent of plastic water bottles are recycled. 

Chemical processes more often than not contain recycle, a feature that complicates their analysis. Recycle often occurs, as in the styrene process where unreacted ethylbenzene is recovered and recycled back to the reactor as a physical mass flow. Recycle also occurs in the form of heat exchange (again in the styrene process) and sometimes as information, e.g., a specification that two variable temperatures must equal each other. The sequential-modular solution strategy is based upon knowing all inputs to a module and using these to calculate all outputs. When an input stream to a module is the output of a downstream module (i.e., there is recycle), calculations cannot be performed for the upstream module because one of its inputs is not yet known. This is illustrated in Fig. 4.7 unit 1 cannot be calculated because input stream 4 is the output of unit 2 nor can unit 2 be calculated because input stream 2 is an output of unit 1. This same problem of circular reasoning was encountered in Example 1. This dilemma in the sequential modular solution scheme can be... 

Most real processes contain recycle streams. In this case the plantwide control problem becomes much more complex and its solution is not intuitively obvious. The presence of recycle streams profoundly alters the plant s dynamic and steady-state behavior. To gain an understanding of these effects, we look at some very simple recycle systems. The insight we obtain from these idealized, simplistic systems can be extended to the complex flowsheets of typical chemical processes. First we must lay the groundwork and have some feel for the complexities and phenomena that recycle streams produce in a plant. 

Scheme 8.6 Proposed elements of a self-contained recycling scheme.

When ammonia-containing recycle gas and carbon dioxide containing makeup gas mix together under certain conditions of concentration and temperature, precipitation of solid ammonium carbamate can result. 

The filtrate (which is discarded) contains 0.364 X 2380 = 866 kg/h of potassium chromate, more than the filter cake contains. Recycling the filtrate enables us to recover most of this salt. The obvious benefit of recycling is the revenue from selling the additional potassium chromate. The costs include the purchase and installation costs for the recycle piping and pump and the cost of power consumed by the pump. It would probably not take long for the benefit to equal the cost, and thereafter the recycling would continue to increase the process profitability. 

We ask how one can invent alternative structures to. separate nonideal mixtures. We present and illustrate an approach with three examples separating n-butanol and water separating acetone, chloroform. and benzene and separating n-pentane, acetone, methanol, and water. We find that these processes always contain recycles because vvf are unable to obtain the sharp separations possible for ideal mixtures. 

Examine the flow sheet in Fig. E2.23, a flowsheet that contains recycle streams. What is the maximum number of independent material balances that can be written for the system if each stream contains three components, ethanol, acetone, and methaiiol ... 

Frequently process plants contain recycle streams and control loops, and the solution for the stream properties requires iterative calculations. Thus efficient numerical methods for convergence must be used. In addition, appropriate physical properties and thermodynamic data have to be retrieved fi om a data base. Finally, a master program must exist that links all the building blocks, physical property data, thermodynamic calculations, subroutines, and numerical subroutines, and that also supervises the information flow. You will find that optimization and economic anafy-sis are really the ultimate goal in the use of flowsheet codes. 

Figure E5.6 An example system containing recycle and bypass streams, precedence order ...

Can and should the product be refurbished, reused, or recycled What additional infrastructure is called for Should the product contain recycled materials ... 

J.B.Schneider, R.J.Ehrig, G.L.Brownell, and D.A.Kosmack (1990). Unsaturated Polyesters Containing Recycled PET. Proceedings of the 48th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, pp. 1462-1465. 

Alternatively, closed-form model representations require a modular simulation approach, where each closed-form model is computed using the internal solver of the software tool the model is implemented in. The algorithm sets the model inputs, performs control over the simulation, and retrieves the outputs of each model through the commonly defined interface of the closed-form model representation, independently of the specific implementation. These outputs are propagated to the inputs of downstream units, and the simulation continues until all the units are computed. If the flowsheet contains recycles, an iterative strategy is performed until convergence of the flowsheet variables in tear streams is achieved. 

Containing Recycled Phenol-formaldehyde Resin as a Functional Filler. . 80... 

Procurement programmes that establish the obligation of purchasing items containing recycled materials. 

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