Psychoactive effects euphoria

The interaction of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol 5 mg orally with subanesthetic doses of ketamine has been studied in a placebo-controlled study in 20 healthy volunteers over 4 days (53). Haloperidol pretreatment reduced impairment of executive cognitive functions produced by ketamine and reduced the anxiogenic effects of ketamine. However, it failed to block the ability of ketamine to produce psychosis, perceptual changes, negative symptoms, or euphoria, and it increased the sedative and prolactin responses to ketamine. These results imply that ketamine may impair executive cognitive functions via dopamine receptor activation in the frontal cortex, but that the psychoactive effects of ketamine are not mediated via dopamine receptors, but rather via NMDA receptor antagonism. 

Lysergide, better known as LSD, is a potent hallucinogenic that results in a psychoactive effect that heightens perception, creates distortions of the body, and causes visual hallucinations. The person taking LSD can experience unpredictable mood swings from euphoria to depression and panic, which is commonly referred to as a bad trip. LSD also causes hypertension, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, and tachycardia (rapid heart rate). 

According to NIDA (2006b) the psychoactive effects of depressants such as benzodiazepines include reduced anxiety, feeling of well-being, lowered inhibitions, slowed pulse and breathing, lowered blood pressure, poor concentration, and fatigue. In the case of barbiturates they include sedation, drowsiness, depression, unusual excitement, and irritability. Benzodiazepines produce sedation, and drowsiness, or dizziness. GHB produces drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, and headache. Methaqualone can produce euphoria and depression, poor reflexes, and slurred speech. 

Brain cannabinoid receptor. In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids produce euphoria, enhancement of sensory perception, tachycardia, antinociception, difficulties in concentration, and impairment of memory. The cognitive deficiencies persist after withdrawal. The toxicity of cannabis has been underestimated for a long time, since recent findings revealed that A-9-THG-induced cell death with shrinkage of neurons and DNA fragmentation in the hippocampus. The acute effects of cannabinoids, as well as the development of tolerance, are mediated by G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors. The CBl receptor and its splice variant, CBl A, are found predominantly in the brain with highest densities in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum. The CB2 receptor is found predominantly in the spleen and in hemopoi-... 

Anabolic steroids are typically abused in a cyclic fashion, with a cycle of 4-18 weeks on steroids and 1 month to 1 year off. Abuse of other psychoactive drugs may occur in up to a third of these patients, but this is low compared with other substance abusers because of concerns about health and appearance by steroid abusers. The primary effects sought by abusers are increased muscle mass and strength, not euphoria. In the context of an adequate diet and sufficient physical activity, a significant increase in muscle mass and strength can be produced by these steroids. 

Marijuana contains a psychoactive resin called D9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol. Most resin is found in the flowering female plant. When smoked or ingested it produces a feeling of relaxation, euphoria, and happiness. Other possible effects include poor concentration and decreased reaction time. Used medically under the names dronabinol and marinol, it has been prescribed as an antiemetic and as an appetite stimulant and has also been used... 

More than 400 chemicals have been isolated from marijuana. The active components, known as cannabinoids, however, are primarily A -tetrahydrocannabinol (A -THC), A -tetrahydrocannabinol (A -THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD). Among these, the THC and homologs are the psychoactive compounds. The THC content of cannabis varies among plants from less than 1% to more than 10%. Sensemilla, the flowering tops of female cannabis plant, unpollinated and seedless, may contain 6-15% THC. The plant extract, hashish, can contain as high as 20% THC. The psychological effects from cannabis are characterized by euphoria, uncontrollable laughter, and loss of short-term memory. Other symptoms... 

Psychoactive drugs, including LSD and mescaline, produce their hallucinatory effects by binding to serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain. Endorphins function as natural analgesics and decrease the perception of pain as well as produce euphoria. 

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