Protein bombardment

Fast atom/ion bombardment (FAB/FtB/LSIMS) MH+, (M + H)+,M + (M - H) , M-Intact molecular ions M, Q Polar organics, proteins, organometalhcs, nonvolatiles <20000 ... 

Seed-specific production of LTB by Streatfield et al. [28] resulted in expression levels of up to 1.8% total soluble protein (TSP), and two separate maize breeding programs have increased antigen production by fivefold [28] and tenfold [27]. The investigations of Chikwamba et al. [27] regarding the expression of LTB in maize are among the first to include the use of particle bombardment transformation for the production of plant-derived vaccines. 

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a soft ionization technique that accomplishes the transfer of ions from solution to the gas phase. The technique is extremely useful for the analysis of large, non-volatile, chargeable molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid polymers. [1] Different from fast atom bombardment (FAB, Chap. 9) the solution is composed of a volatile solvent and the ionic analyte at very low concentration, typically M. In addition, the transfer of ions... 

Hibbard, J.M. etal. (1998). Transient expression of green fluorescent protein in various plastid types following microprojectile bombardment. Plant J. 16 627-632. 

The calli used to generate cell lines can be transgenic and express the vaccine or therapeutic protein of interest. Transfer of foreign genes into calli takes place by Agrobacterium-va.Q6M.td transformation, particle bombardment, electroporation of protoplasts, or by viral vectors (Fischer... 

The x-ray radiation usually employed for protein crystallographic studies is derived from the bombardment of a copper target with high-voltage (50 kV) electrons, producing characteristic copper x-rays with A = 1.54 A. Figure 2 shows, in schematic fashion, the x-ray diffraction pattern from a protein crystal. Several features about this pattern bear explanation. First, as you can see, the diffraction pattern consists of a regular lattice of spots of different intensities. The spots are due to destructive interference of waves... 

G. J. Rademaker and J. Thomas-Oates, Analysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides using fast atom bombardment, in J. R. Chapman (Ed.), Protein and Peptide Analysis by Mass Spectrometry, Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 1996. 

HPLC with column switching and mass spectrometry was applied to the online determination and resolution of the enantiomers of donepezil HC1 in plasma [38]. This system employs two avidin columns and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). A plasma sample was injected directly into an avidin trapping column (10 mm x 4.0 mm i.d.). The plasma protein was washed out from the trapping column immediately while donepezil HC1 was retained. After the column-switching procedure, donepezil HC1 was separated enantioselectivity in an avidin analytical column. The separated donepezil HC1 enantiomers were specifically detected by FAB-MS without interference from metabolites of donepezil HC1 and plasma constituents. The limit of quantification for each enantiomer of donepezil HC1 in plasma was 1.0 ng/ml and the intra-and inter-assay RSDs for the method were less than 5.2%. The assay was validated for enantioselective pharmacokinetic studies in the dog. 

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