Breeding programs

Blum, A. (1983). Breeding programs for improving crop resistance to water stress. In Crop Reactions to Water and Temperature Stresses in Humid, Temperate Climates, ed. C.D. Raper Jr and P.J. Kramer, pp. 263-76. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press. 

Seed-specific production of LTB by Streatfield et al. [28] resulted in expression levels of up to 1.8% total soluble protein (TSP), and two separate maize breeding programs have increased antigen production by fivefold [28] and tenfold [27]. The investigations of Chikwamba et al. [27] regarding the expression of LTB in maize are among the first to include the use of particle bombardment transformation for the production of plant-derived vaccines. 

Courtois B, Olofsdotter M (1998) Incorporating the allelopathy trait in upland rice breeding programs. In Olofsdotter M (ed) Allelopathy in rice. Int Rice Res Ins, Manila, Philippines,... 

Breathing zone measurements, 14 214, 217 Breccia complex uranium deposits, 17 520 Breeding gain (BG), 17 586 Breeding programs, to enhance allelopathy, 13 353... 

Sugarcane diffusion process, 23 450 GA3 use in, 13 34-35 Sugarcane production, 23 436 Sugarcane stalks, 23 446 Sugarcane variety breeding programs, 23 445... 

No strange breeding programs, crank diets, or way-out asceticism ever produced the immortal body of a Sage. No one is ever born an Adept. Eugenics help not at all, for flesh and blood cannot inherit the earth. The First Matter is perceived by liberated consciousness alone, by pure awareness, nurtured by bliss and motivated by compassion. 

There have been three main approaches to protecting plants from air pollution. Several researchers are including pollutant stress in standard breeding programs and thus are breeding for tolerance. Interim measures involve the use of chemical sprays. Such sprays are not now economically feasible but they are being tested, and some are protective. Cultural and land-use practices may also be used to control pollution effects, especially on a short-term basis. 

As genetic understanding develops, it will be incorporated into basic breeding programs that are concerned with such characteristics as yield, growth habit, insect and disease resistance, flavor, and texture. These programs will be most effective if present ambient ozone and other oxidant concentrations do not increase. 

Figure 1.3 Past utilization of wild species in breeding programs in Europe, North America, China and India.

Male sterility due to deleterious nuelear genes is common in the cultivated potato (Howard, 1970). Because the marketable product is not seed, there is no selection pressure for high fertility in breeding programs. In fact, fruit development may partition resources away from tuber deld, so breeders may inadvertently select against high fertility (Jansky and Thompson, 1990). In addition, deleterious recessive alleles can accumulate in tetraploid potato cultivars because they are more easily masked than in diploids. 

Figure 2.4 Selection intensity in a typical potato breeding program. Each dot represents 100 genotypes. Each x represents a single plant.

Brown, J., Dale, M. F. B. (1998). Identifying superior parents in a potato breeding program using eross predietion teehniques. Euphytica, 104, 143-149. 

Coneilio, L., Peloquin, S. J. (1991). Evaluation of the 4x x 2x breeding scheme in a potato breeding program adapted to local conditions. Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 45,13-18. 

Douches, D. S., Maas, D., Jartrzebski, K. R., Chase, R. W. (1996). Assessment of potato breeding programs in the USA over the last century. Crop Science, 36,1544-1552. 

Hayes, R. J., Thill, C. A. (2002b). Selection for cold chipping genoty pes from three early generations in a potato breeding program. Euphytica, 128, 353-362. 

Jansky, S. H., Peloquin, S. J. (2006). Advantages of wild diploid Solanum species over cultivated diploid relatives in potato breeding programs. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 53, 669-674. 

Love, S. L., Werner, B. K., Pavek, J. J. (1997). Seleetion for individual traits in the early generations of potato breeding program dedieated to producing cultivars with tubers having long shape and russet skin. American Potato Journal, 74,199-213. 

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