Prostate gland acid phosphatase

Gutman, A. B. and Gutman, . B. An "acid" phosphatase occurring in the serum of patients with metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate gland. J. Clin. Invest. (1938), 17, 473-478. 

Acid phosphatases are produced by erythrocytes, the liver, kidney, spleen, and prostate gland. The enzyme of the prostate gland is clinically important, because its increased activity in the blood can be an indication of prostate cancer. The phosphatase from the prostate gland is strongly inhibited by tartrate ion, but acid phosphatases from other tissues are not. How can this information be used to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostate gland in human blood serum ... 

Highly purified prostatic acid phosphatase labeled with 14C has been obtained by incubation of slices of hypertrophic human gland with labeled amino acids 53). 

Answer First, measure the total acid phosphatase activity in a blood sample in units of /nnol of phosphate ester hydrolyzed per mL of serum. Next, remeasure this activity in the presence of tartrate ion at a concentration sufficient to completely inhibit the enzyme from the prostate gland. The difference between the two activities represents the activity of acid phosphatase from the prostate gland. 

As long ago as 1935, Kutscher and Wolbergs (K12) observed that semen and the prostate are among the richest sources of acid phosphatase in the human body. In a more recent survey (Bll) the acid phosphatase activities of seminal plasma in various species, determined as milligrams of nitrophenol liberated by 100 ml seminal plasma from 0.006 M p-nitrophenyl phosphate, in 60 minutes at 37°C and pH 4.9 were human, 274,000 cock, 15,000 turkey, 4000 bull, 570 rabbit 85. Human seminal plasma is made up by the secretory fluids produced in the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ampullae, seminal vesicles, the prostate and the bulbourethral (Cowper s) and urethral (Littre s) glands (M4). The semen contains many particulate bodies. Best known, of course, are the spermatozoa, which are formed in the seminiferous... 

Although the fibromuscular structure of the prostate has some acid phosphatase activity, histochemical studies reveal that most of the activity is present in the epithelial cells of the secreting glands (Rla). In carcinoma of the prostate, the staining of the epithelial cells for acid phosphatase show greater variation. The staining may be less, equal to, or greater than in the normal prostate (Rla). 

Percentile Distribution op Serum Acid Phosphatase in Normal Subjects AND IN Patients with Diseases Other Than op the Prostate Gland ... 

The acid phosphatases include all phosphatases that hydrolyze phosphate esters with an optimum pH of less than 7.0. They are present in the lysozymes of the secretory epithelial cells. Although acid phosphatase is produced primarily by the prostate gland, it is also found in erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, bone marrow, bone, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine. 

Abul-Fadl MA, King EJ (1949) Properties of the acid phosphatases of erythrocytes and of the human prostate gland. Biochem J 45 51-60... 

Kamoshida S, Tsutsumi Y. Exttaptostatic localization of ptos-tatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen disttibution in cloacogenic glandulat epithelium and sex-dependent exptes-sion in human anal gland. Hum Pathol. 1990 21 1108-1 111. 

Pollen JJ, Dreilinger A. Immunohistochemical identification of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in female periurethral glands. Urology. 1984 23 303. 

Acid phosphatase Tumours of prostate or mammary gland... 

Abul-Fadl, M. A. M., and E. J. King Properties of the acid phosphatase of erythrocytes and of human prostate gland. Biochem. J. 45, 51 (1949). 

On the basis of the specific biochemical characteristics of G-6-Pase, it was possible to show that this enzyme is located in cellular r ions different from those in which acid or alkaline phosphatases are found (Chiquoine, 1953). Similar histochemical procediu s were used recently in studying the seminal vesicles and prostate gland of the rat (Kuhlman, 1954). It was shown that tissues of the male accessory glands are capable of hydrolyzing both G-6-P and F-6-P. The histochemical reaction demonstrated in this... 

A group of enzymes which hydrolyse phosphate esters at optimal pHs of below 7.0. Acid phosphatases are found in erythrocytes, platelets, liver, spleen, bone and, in males, in the prostate gland. Prostatic acid phosphatase constitutes about one third of the total acid phosphatase activity present in serum from normal male subjects. 

Phosphomonoesterases. Enzymes with this specificity are widely distributed. They are simply called phosphatases we usually distinguish acid phosphatases with a pH optimum of about 5 and alkaline phosphatases with a pH optimum around 7 to 8. They split monoesters exclusively, the 3 -monophosphates as well as the 5 -monophosphates. One acid phosphatase occurs in remarkably high concentration in the human prostate gland. The enzyme active at the higher pH is found in the small intestine and in bones where it participates in the formation of bone tissue. 

Dziembor, E., Gryskiewicz, J., and Ostrowski, W., 1970, The role of neuraminic acid in the stability and enzymic activity of acid phosphatase of the human prostate gland, Experientia 26 947-948. 

---