Prospective biomarkers

The Shanghai Cohort study, a prospective biomarker-based study of 18,000 middle-aged men in Shanghai. 

Watson, W.P. Mutti, A. Role of biomarkers in monitoring exposures to chemicals present position, future prospects. Biomarkers 2004, 9, 211-242. 

Notes The use of confounding or clinically similar conditions to test biomarkers in the primary validation and validation process is vital to determining which prospective biomarkers are directly related to the disease or whether they are markers of other factors (age, sex, diet, etc.). With many disease states, there are... 

The identification of a prospective biomarker can provide a wealth of information. The following is a list of a few of the advantages of identifying the biomarkers that... 

Provides other research tools/methods to characterize the prospective biomarker... 

Among 27 prospective and case-control studies, 16 reported inverse associations between some carotenoids and CVDs, taking plasma or serum concentration as carotenoid biomarkers (11 of 16 studies), dietary intake (5 of 16 studies), or adipose tissue level (1 of 16 studies). With regard to the findings from the studies based on CVD risk, only two of seven presented significant inverse associations of carotenoids, particularly lycopene and P-carotene, whereas five studies of nine showed inverse correlations between myocardial infarcts and lycopene and/or P-carotene the others presented no associations. ... 

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ and Willett WC. 2003. A prospective study of cruciferous vegetables and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidimiol Biomarkers Prev 12(12) 1403-1409. 

Larsson SC, Bergkvist L and Wolk A. 2006. Fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of gastric cancer a prospective study. Cancer Epidimiol Biomarkers Prev 15(10) 1998—2001. 

Of particnlar significance in the study of petroleum weathering are the biomarker molecules (e.g., pristane, phytane, the hopanes and steranes). Historically, the biomarkers have been employed as crude oil signatures in prospecting and characterization. More recently, such molecules have also been employed in the environmental field, both for the determination of pollutant source and estimation of the degree of weathering. 

It is well recognised that the faecal bile acid content of random stool samples is highly variable with marked daily variation.Therefore, studies testing the association between luminal bile acid exposure and the presence of colorectal neoplasia have usually measured serum bile acid levels, which demonstrate less variability and are believed to reflect the total bile acid pool more accurately. Serum DCA levels have been shown to be higher in individuals with a colorectal adenoma compared with individuals without a neoplasm. Only one study has assessed future risk of CRC in a prospective study of serum bile-acid levels. The study was hampered by the small sample size (46 CRC cases). There were no significant differences in the absolute concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids or DCA/CA ratio between cases and controls although there was a trend towards increased CRC risk for those with a DCA/ CA ratio in the top third of values (relative risk 3.9 [95% confidence interval 0.9-17.0 = 0.1]). It will be important to test the possible utility of the DCA/ CA ratio as a CRC risk biomarker in larger, adequately powered studies. A recent study has demonstrated increased levels of allo-DCA and allo-LCA metabolites in the stool of CRC patients compared with healthy controls. ... 

Flood, A., Peters, U., Chatterjee, N., Lacey, J. V., Jr., Schairer, C., and Schatzkin, A. (2005). Calcium from diet and supplements is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 14,126-132. 

Estruch, R., Sacanella, E., Badia, E., Antunez, E., Nicolas, J.M., Fernandez-Sola, J., Rotilio, D., De Gaetano, G., Rubin, E., and Urbano-Marquez, A., Different effects of red wine and gin consumption on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis a prospective randomized crossover trial effects of wine on inflammatory markers, Atherosclerosis, 175, 117, 2004. 

Hogervorst, J. G., Schouten, L. J., Konings, E. J., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A. (2007). A prospective study of dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 76(11), 2304-2313. 

Fig. 2. Stratified analysis design for evaluating a new experimental treatment (E) relative to a control (C). The status of a biomarker based classifier of the likelihood of responding to E is utilized in a prospectively specified analysis plan. The biomarker classifier is not just used for stratifying the randomization. Alternative analysis plans are described in the text.

G. Liljegren et al., Case-control Study on Breast Cancer and Adipose Tissue Concentrations of Congener Specific Polychlorinated Biphenyls, DDE and Hexachlorobenzene, Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 7 (1998) 155-40 R. J. Helzlsouer et al., Serum Concentrations of Organochlorine Compounds and the Subsequent Development of Breast Cancer, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 8 (1999) 525-52 J. F. Dorgan, Serum Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs and Breast Cancer Risk Results from a Prospective Analysis, Cancer Causes and Control 10 (1999) 1-11 G. A. S. Mendonca et al., Organochlorines and Breast Cancer a Case-control Study in Brazil, Int. 

Grace PB, Taylor JI, Low YL, Luben RN, Mulligan AA, Botting NP, Dowsett M, Welch AA, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Day NE, Bingham SA. 2004. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum and spot urine as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake and their relation to breast cancer risk in European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition-Norfolk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 13 698-708. 

Kirsh, V.A., Mayne, S.T., Peters, U., Chatteijee, N., Leitzmann, M.F., Dixon, L.B., Urban, D.A., Crawford, E.D., and Hayes, R.B., A prospective study of lycopene and tomato product intake and risk of prostate cancer, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 15, 92-98, 2006. 

Sinha, 2004 [16] ACS 245 72% 59% Compare PPV and NPV of ischemia-modified albumin vs. other biomarkers and electrocardiogram Prospective enrollment... 

Voorrips LE, Goldbohm FRA, Brants HAM, et al, A prospective cohort study on antioxidant and folate intake and male lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000 9 357-365,... 

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