Propylene solvents

Initial reaction temperature, -75° C., initiator, potassium triphenylmethoxide solvent, propylene solvent monomer ratio, 4 1... 

For the propane-propylene-solvent system, for the solvents exhibiting the functional relationship between S00 and y°°c3H8 shown in Figure 3,... 

It is evident therefore that the thermodynamic characteristics (S00, y°°C3H8, S, ycsHgj etc.) of the propane-propylene-solvent system are most important in determining the economics of extractive distillation for this separation. Accurate prediction (or experimental determination) of these factors is essential for economic analysis of an extractive distillation process. 

In what may be another example of true cluster catalysis, [HRu3(CO)i,] , shows catalytic activity for the hydroformylation of ethylene and propylene ". Solvent, CO partial P, and T are important variables. In monoglyme, at 80°C, and starting partial of CjHg, CO and Hj of 0.034, 0.022 and 0.011 MPa, respectively, the catalyst turnover number (mols product/mols catalyst) was 34.3 and the n- to i-butyraldehyde ratio was 49.4/1. In acetonitrile solvent, all other things being equal, the turnover number dropped to 25.7 and the isomer ratio decreased to 12.1/1. 

CH3 CH0H CH20H, a colourless, almost odourless liquid. It has a sweet taste, but is more acrid than ethylene glycol b.p. 187. Manufactured by heating propylene chlorohydrin with a solution of NaHCO under pressure. It closely resembles dihydroxyethane in its properties, but is less toxic. Forms mono-and di-esters and ethers. Used as an anti-freeze and in the preparation of perfumes and flavouring extracts, as a solvent and in... 

Unsaturated nitriles are formed by the reaction of ethylene or propylene with Pd(CN)2[252]. The synthesis of unsaturated nitriles by a gas-phase reaction of alkenes. HCN, and oxygen was carried out by use of a Pd catalyst supported on active carbon. Acrylonitrile is formed from ethylene. Methacrylonitrile and crotononitrile are obtained from propylene[253]. Vinyl chloride is obtained in a high yield from ethylene and PdCl2 using highly polar solvents such as DMF. The reaction can be made catalytic by the use of chloranil[254]. 

It is possible to dispense with the extraction step if the oxidation section is operated at high propylene concentrations and low steam levels to give a concentrated absorber effluent. In this case, the solvent recovery column operates at total organic reflux to effect a2eotropic dehydration of the concentrated aqueous acryflc acid. This results in a reduction of aqueous waste at the cost of somewhat higher energy usage. 

Chlorine cannot be stored economically or moved long distances. International movements of bulk chlorine are more or less limited to movements between Canada and the United States. In 1987, chlorine moved in the form of derivatives was 3.3 million metric tons or approximately 10% of total consumption (3). Exports of ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer, poly(vinyl chloride), propylene oxide, and chlorinated solvents comprise the majority of world chlorine movement. Countries or areas with a chlorine surplus exported in the form of derivatives include Western Europe, Bra2il, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. Countries with a chlorine deficit are Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Vene2uela, South Africa, Thailand and Japan (3). 

In acetic acid solvent, ethylene gives 1,3-propanediol acetates (46) and propylene gives 1,3-butanediol acetates (47). A similar reaction readily occurs with olefinic alcohols and ethers, diolefins, and mercaptans (48). 

Isobutyraldehyde is commonly available as a by-product of propylene/Oxo hydroformylation. Methyl isoamyl ketone is used as a solvent for ceUulose esters, acryHcs, and vinyl polymers. It is available in the United States from Eastman (Kingsport, Tennessee) (47) and Union Carbide (South Charleston, West Virginia) and was priced at 1.42/kg in October 1994. 

Eastman Chemical has utilized a unique, high temperature solution process for propylene polymerization. Polymerization temperatures are maintained above 150°C to prevent precipitation of the isotactic polypropylene product in the hydrocarbon solvent. At these temperatures, the high rate of polymerization decreases rapidly, requiring low residence times (127). Stereoregularity is also adversely affected by high temperatures. Consequentiy, the... 

In what may be an example of tme cluster catalysis, [HRU3 (CO) ] shows good catalytic activity and high regioselectivity using propylene as substrate (24,25). Solvent, CO partial pressure, and temperature are important variables. In monoglyme, at 80°C and starting partial pressures for C H, ... 

The physical properties of finish removers vary considerably due to the diverse uses and requirements of the removers. Finish removers can be grouped by the principal ingredient of the formula, method of appHcation, method of removal, chemical base, viscosity, or hazardous classification. Except for method of apphcation, a paint remover formulation usually has one aspect of each group, by which it can be used for one or more appHcations. A Hst of the most common organic solvents used in finish removers has been compiled (3). Many are mentioned throughout this article others include ethyl lactate [97-64-3] propylene carbonate [108-32-7] furfural alcohol [98-01-1/, dimethyl formamide [68-12-2] tetrahydrofuran [109-99-9] methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] dipropylene glycol methyl ether [34590-94-8] and Exxate 600, a trade name of Exxon Chemicals. 

In addition to these forms of water, several other official aqueous vehicles can be used. These are isotonic injections that can be sterilised, eg, sodium chloride. Ringer s, dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, and lactated Ringer s. Addition of water-miscible solvents such as ethanol or propylene glycol increases solubiUty and stabiUty. 

Polyethers prepared from propylene oxide are soluble in most organic solvents. The products with the highest hydroxyl number (lowest molecular weight) are soluble in water, not in nonpolar solvents such as hexane. The solubihty of 3000 molecular weight triols is high enough in solvents such as toluene, hexane, and methylene chloride that the triols can be purified by a solvent extraction process. 

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