Properties of the Mortar

Mortar joints are typically 1cm thick part of the wall height at a rate of 5-12%. 

The resistance of mortar joints decreases significantly with increasing temperature [14]. 

The temperature rise caused by heat transfer on one hand can lead to degradation of the mortar as responsible for the binding of the different components of masonry element material. A rapid heat transfer on the other hand leads to failure of the insulation 

Multiphase mixture formation between a binder (lime and/or cement) with aggregates smaller than 0.5 mm after a hydration process, and isotropic behavior mortar make a non-crystalline element with irregular crystalline configuration. In these solids, the calculation of thermal/mechanical properties is more complex since it is necessary to consider for analysis related to this non-periodic ordering several factors. 

Some studies [36] show how the density of the material decreases with respect to temperature. Elsewhere [37], the variation of density with respect to temperature is not so obvious. This may be due to two causes the mortar used in the tests is a manufactured material made in situ (in any case spoken pre-dosed mortar) and to the strength of the mortar used in the documentation published authors is not provided (in this way is not possible to perform a comparison between various types of trials). 

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A great part of the organic additives contains various amounts of proteinaceous materials. The identification of proteinaceous binder could help to explain the unusual properties of the mortars, such as high firmness, hydrophobicity of surfaces, and, for frescoes, high stability [24]. 

The sand should preferably be of a rounded shape and should have a suitable particle size distribution (typically less than 4 mm and with a limited amount of fines) which gives 30 to 40 % of voids. The characteristics of the sand can markedly affect both the soft and hard properties of the mortar. Sands suitable for building are designated in the UK as either Type S (BS 1199), or Type G (BS 1200) [26.31]. As the specified sands have a voidage in the above range, it is standard practice to design mortars with three volumes of sand to one volume of binder plus void-filling material. 

Furthermore, a more detailed investigation regarding the effect of storage conditions on the properties of hardened mortar should also be conducted. This is essential to determine whether the formation of the polymer film after storage under water or immediate dry storage affects the properties of the mortar. Due to the low water-cement ratio and the puzzolanic additives, the influence of storing conditions cannot be reliably anticipated without any further investigation. 

The water retention is the property of the mortar that avoids the rapid loss of the mixing water in the masonry units and to the air, and it plays a major role on the bond adherence of the mortar to the masOTiry units. The ability of the mortar to retain water is important to prevent the excessive stiffening of the mortar before it is used in the... 

Corrosion-inhibitive properties of the compound Na2P03F have been tested by Andrade et al., either by incorporating it in a mortar or as a penetrant[68]. This compound, which is currently available as a proprietary product, is reported to act as an anodic inhibitor, possibly with some cathodic action. The minimum required ratio of phosphate to chloride was suggested as 1 1. The mechanism of action of this admixture is to stabilize the passive layer of iron oxide on the steel and also increase the density of concrete, thus decreasing the permeability... 

The second part of my talk deals with the surface of a particular solid, a calcium silicate hydrate, called tobermorite. The two main constituents of Portland cements are two calcium silicates, which make up about 75% or more of a portland cement by weight, and both of these silicates produce tobermorite in their reaction with water. This tobermorite is the most important constituent of hydrated portland cement, concrete, and mortar. That is not the reason, however, for my talking about it—the reason is that it is a fascinating substance for a colloid chemist. I will discuss only two properties of the tobermorite surface the surface area and the surface energy. 

As early as 1859 Wright mentioned the binding property of elementary sulfur (1), but up to the 1930s mixtures of sulfur and stone powders were used exclusively to grout foundation screws. The first references in the literature to the chemical and physical properties of sulfur mortar are found in the works by Duecker and Payne (2,3,4,5). The sulfur mortar described by them contained about 60 wt % sulfur and therefore only a small amount of aggregate. It was used as a sealing... 

In polymer-modified cement systems, there occurs air entrapment resulting from the generation of foam while mixing. Air has an adverse effect on the mechanical strength properties of cement mortars as expressed by Feret s relationship ... 

Another version of Portland cement mortar or concrete is the replacement of some of the Portland cement with rice hull ash. This ash additive markedly improves the resistance of the mortar or concrete to food acids and similar chemicals. Flyash (pozzolanic admixture) meeting ASTM C618 has also been widely used to improve the properties and sulfate resistance of Portland cement... 

Compute the composite physical properties of brick/mortar layers. 

Each layer composed of both brick and mortar must have its composite physical properties calculated as a combination of the properties of the brick and mortar components. The equations are (See Table 7 for the key to the notation)... 

Assume that specifications for the design of the vessel are as in Table 47-1, the lining consisting of three layers one brick layer, a mortar bed layer, and the steel shell. This table also displays the calculated composite physical properties of the brick/mortar layers, computed according to equations (1) to (4). 

PET is useful polymer used for fiber, film, and plastic containers such as carbonated beverage bottles. Recently, the recycling of polymers such as PET after use is attracting the attention of many researchers aware of environmental problems and wishing to find ways to save earth resources. Previous studies showed that unsaturated polyester resins can be economically prepared from recycled PET and the resins may be useful for resin concretes (1 4). However, there is little information on the molecular features of the UPE resins. Thus, we synthesized various UPE resins from PET. Especially, the PET content, chain flexibility and degree of unsaturation of the resins were systematically varied and the effects of those variables on the mechanical properties of the cured resins and polymer mortars made therefrom were studied. 

Various UPE resins based on recycled poly ethylene terephthalate(PET) were prepared and the properties of the polymer mortar made with the UPE as well as those of the cured resin itself were investigated. It was found that degree of unsaturation of the resins was the most important property affecting thermal and mechanical properties of the cured resin and PM. The cured unsaturated polyester resin or polymer mortar made from resins of higher unsaturation, i.e., less PET content or adipic acid content in the resin, showed higher glass transition temperatures,... 

Typical properties of RPUMRPE mortar in comparison to the hybrid recycled polyester (HRPE) mortar and recycled polyester (RPE) are presented in Table 6. The HRPE is hybrid polymer of recycled polyester and polyurethane which comes from F2 hybrid resin part A made by Amoco. The RPE is recycled polyester made by Alpha corporation. The bond, tensile and compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and shrinkage of these three kinds of polymer mortar were measured at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours respectively. 

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