Sulfur mortar

The magnitude of some of these effects is reduced in sulfur-bonded concretes and mortars. Sulfur concrete mixes of the kind described fail in compression in a much more brittle manner than portland cement concretes of similar strength. This brittleness could effect performance thus design methods used for structures made with portland cement concrete may be inapplicable. 

A solution of sulfur trioxide [7446-11-9] dissolved in chlorosulfonic acid [7990-94-5] CISO H, has been used as a smoke (U.S. designation FS) but it is not a U.S. standard agent (see Chlorosulfuric acid Sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide). When FS is atomized in air, the sulfur trioxide evaporates from the small droplets and reacts with atmospheric moisture to form sulfuric acid vapor. This vapor condenses into minute droplets that form a dense white cloud. FS produces its effect almost instantaneously upon mechanical atomization into the atmosphere, except at very low temperatures. At such temperatures, the small amount of moisture normally present in the atmosphere, requires that FS be thermally generated with the addition of steam to be effective. FS can be used as a fill for artillery and mortar shells and bombs and can be effectively dispersed from low performance aircraft spray tanks. FS is both corrosive and toxic in the presence of moisture, which imposes limitations on its storage, handling, and use. 

Sulfur mortars (mixture of sulfur and inert fillers with small amounts of organic plasticizers) are used for shrinkage mitigation and for eliminating thermal shocks for temperatures up to 80°C. These mortars have poor resistance to alkalis and nonpolar organic solvents. 

Phenolic mortars have excellent resistance to acids, particularly for dilute nitric acid (up to 50%) and sulfuric acid (60-90%) but can only tolerate very dilute alkaline solutions at low temperatures. 

A solventless synthesis of pyrazoles, a green chemistry approach, has been described where an equimolar amount of the diketone and the hydrazine are mixed in a mortar with a drop of sulfuric acid and ground up. After an appropriate length of time ( 1 h) the product is purified to provide clean products. Even acyl pyrazoles 42 were obtained under the solvent-less reaction conditions in good yields. 

The moist sulfide readily oxidises in air exothermally, and may reach incandescence. Grinding in a mortar hastens this [1]. The impure sulfide formed when steel processing equipment is used with materials containing hydrogen sulfide or volatile sulfur compounds is pyrophoric, and has caused many fires and explosions when such equipment is opened without effective purging. Various methods of purging are discussed [2], Formation of pyrophoric FeS in bitumen tanks is considered as a cause of spontaneous ignition and explosion in the head space [3], A detailed study of formation of possibly pyrophoric sulphides from rust in crude oil tankers has been made [4],... 

Mixtures of the oxide with sulfur or antimony trisulfide explode on grinding in a mortar. Dry hydrogen sulfide ignites, and sometimes feebly explodes, over thallium oxide. 

Morrill Act of 1862, 24 353 Mortality studies, PCB-related, 13 141 Mortar cements, 5 500t Mortars, 5 467, 500t 21 482-483 citric acid application, 6 648 furan resins in, 12 274 slaked lime in, 15 64 Mortar substitute, sulfur coatings as, 23 593... 

Perchlorate salts react explosively when rubbed in a mortar with calcium hydride or with sulfur and charcoal, when melted with reducants, or on contact with glowing charcoal [1], Mixtures with finely divided aluminium, magnesium, zinc or other metals are explosives [2],... 

Thirty-six grams of powdered stibnite (SbaS8) are ground thoroughly in a mortar with 43g of anhydrous sodium sulfate and 16g of charcoal. The mixture is placed in a large clay crucible (the latter should be about half-filled), covered with a thin layer (about % inch) of charcoal and heated over a Meker burner to a state of quiet fusion, then ten minutes longer. The melt is poured into an iron dish, allowed to cool and then powdered. The material is then boiled under reflux with 7g of sulfur powder in 300ml of water, suction-filtered, and the product is isolated as described in (I). 

Fourteen grams of finely granulated tin (20-30 mesh) are warmed gently with 6.5g of mercury in a porcelain basin under the hood. The mass is stirred with a glass rod until it is homogeneous and quickly poured into a mortar where it is ground to a fine powder as it cools. The cold pulverized amalgam is then intimately mixed with 8g of flowers of sulfur and 6.8g of ammonium chloride. The entire mixture is transferred to a loosely covered crucible which is embedded in a sand bath up to the level of the reaction mixture. The crucible is heated at 400°C in the... 

If hydroxylammonium sulfate is not available it is prepared from the chloride as follows Fifteen grams of hy-droxylammonium chloride (No. 55) are covered with 16ml of water and 6ml of concentrated sulfuric add are cautiously added under the hood. (CAUTION As much hydrogen chloride escapes gloves should be worn.) The mixture is evaporated almost to dryness over a small flame and the cold residue triturated in a mortar with 15ml of alcohol. The product Is suction-filtered, washed with 15ml more of alcohol, and dried m vacuo. Yield = J5g]... 

Five grams of the pentammine chloride (No. 119) are triturated with 1% of concentrated sulfuric arid In a mortar placed under the hood hydrogen chloride escapes in considerable quantity. The purple mass is dissolved In 40ml of water (pre-heated to 70°C), and filtered. On coding, the product crystallizes out as reddish prisms. If the mixture is allowed to cool slowly and the product remains under the mother liquor for three days, relatively large crystals can be grown. The salt is filtered, washed with 96% alcohol, and dried at 100°a... 

From a burette 27.0ml of LOON sulfuric acid are added to a solution of 4.3g of the carbonatobromide (127 b) in 85ml of water. The red solution is evaporated to a very viscous residue on the steam bath. After triturating with methanol in a mortar, the violet product, now in the form of a fine powder, is filtered and rinsed with acetone. 

Stars of the only two compositions which are well approved. Take of powder (gunpowder) four ounces, of saltpeter two ounces, of sulfur two ounces, of camphor half an ounce, of steel filings two treseaux, of white amber half an ounce, of antimony (sulfide) half an ounce, of (corrosive) sublimate half an ounce. For double the efficacy it is necessary to temper all these powders with gum agragante dissolved in brandy over hot cinders. When you see that the gum is well swollen and fully ready, to mix with the said brandy, it is necessary forthwith to mix them in a mortar with the powder, the quicker the better, and then to cut up the resulting paste into pieces. These stars are very beautiful and very flowery. Note that it is necessary to put them to dry in a pastry or baking oven after the bread has been taken off of the hearth. 

The sulfur was distilled and then ground in a mortar before use. 

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