Propane combustion reaction

FIGURE 5.23, an enthalpy diagram for Equation 5.29, shows our propane combustion reaction broken down to the three reactions. Several aspects of this calculation depend on the guidelines we discussed in Section 5.4. 

Stoichiometric Concentration (Used by permission of Frank T. Bodurtha, Inc., New London, New Hampshire). In a combustion reaction in air, the stoichiometric concentration, Cjt, of any reac tant is the concentration theoretically required for complete conversion by reacting completely with oxygen. For example, for the combustion of propane in air ... 

As an example that uses structural formulas and Equation, consider the energy change that takes place during the combustion reaction of propane (C3 Hg). Recall from Chapter 3 that combustion is a reaction with molecular oxygen. The products of propane combustion are carbon dioxide and water ... 

Imagine an automobile thatmns in silence and without polluting emissions. Such an automobile, long a dream of the environmentally conscious, has recently become a reality. The power source is a fuel cell, an electrochemical cell that uses a combustion reaction to produce electricity. Hydrocarbons such as natural gas and propane can be used in fuel cells, but the cleanest fuel is molecular hydrogen. 

Oxygen is always a reactant in combustion reactions, which often release heat and light as they occur. Combustion reactions frequently involve hydrocarbon reactants (like propane, CgHgf ), the gas used to fire up backyard grills) and yield carbon dioxide and water as products. For example,... 

The slow combustion reactions of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and diethyl ketone possess most of the features of hydrocarbon oxidation, but their mechanisms are simpler since the confusing effects of olefin formation are unimportant. Specifically, the low temperature combustion of acetone is simpler than that of propane, and the intermediate responsible for degenerate chain branching is methyl hydroperoxide. The Arrhenius parameters for its unimolecular decomposition can be derived by the theory previously developed by Knox. Analytical studies of the slow combustion of methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone show many similarities to that of acetone. The reactions of methyl radicals with oxygen are considered in relation to their thermochemistry. Competition between them provides a simple explanation of the negative temperature coefficient and of cool flames. 

Propane, C3H8, is a colorless, odorless gas often used as a heating and cooking fuel in campers and rural homes. Write a balanced equation for the combustion reaction of propane with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water. 

The value of the enthalpy change AH reported for a reaction is the amount of heat released or absorbed when reactants are converted to products at the same temperature and in the molar amounts represented by coefficients in the balanced equation. In the combustion reaction of propane discussed in the previous section, for instance, the reaction of 1 mol of propane gas with 5 mol of oxygen gas to give 3 mol of C02 gas and 4 mol of water vapor releases 2043 kj. The actual amount of heat released in a specific reaction, however, depends on the actual amounts of reactants. Thus, reaction of 0.5000 mol of propane with 2.500 mol of 02 releases 0.5000 X 2043 kj = 1022 kj. 

Alkanes undergo a number of chemical reactions, two classes of which should be mentioned here. The first of these is oxidation with molecular oxygen in air, as shown for the following combustion reaction of propane ... 

For example, propane, C3H8, is a common fuel used in heating homes and backyard grills. When burned, excess energy from the combustion reaction is released and used to cook our food, for example. 

Q O All hydrocarbons have the chemical property of combustion in the presence of oxygen. How do the complete combustion reactions of methane, ethane, and propane differ How are they similar ... 

One relatively expensive method for producing the nitrogen gas used in these storage facilities is the vaporization of liquid nitrogen stored in cryogenic tanks. A less expensive source of nitrogen gas is the exhaust gas from the combustion reaction of propane and air. The carbon dioxide in the exhaust is removed with activated charcoal. In Europe nitrogen gas is commonly produced by catalytically... 

A camping gas canister contains 500 g of propane. When it has been completely burnt, 1500 g of carbon dioxide and 818 g of water are produced. Calculate the mass of oxygen that has been used up in the combustion reaction. 

Many of the compounds in combustion reactions are called hydrocarbons because they are made of only carbon and hydrogen. Propane is a hydrocarbon that is often used as a convenient portable fuel for lanterns and stoves. The balanced equation for the combustion of propane is shown below. 

F i ure 4.5 A combustion reaction. Here propane burns in air to give carbon dioxide and water. The balanced chemical equation informs us that one molecule of propane will combine with five molecules of oxygen to give three molecules of carbon dioxide and four molecules of water. Photo, C. D. Winters model, S. M. Young)... 

The results show that the principal reaction in propane oxidation by air on these samples is reaction (1) and the other reactions occur only partially. The best selectivity is obtained on the catalyst prepared by 6-step imregnation in the least concentrated NP -solution. From these results, it can be concluded that on this sample, in a rather small extent, all mentioned reactions occur propane combustion (2), propane cracking (3) and water-gas shift (4). On this catalyst sample reactions (2) and (4) were more favoured than reaction (3), which occurs at temperatures below 900°C only. 

Aqueous solutions of calcium acetate and diammonium hydrogenphosphate were used together with nitric acid and ethanol to provide additional energy to the flame required for chemical reaction. The precursor solution was injected via an atomisation device into the propane combustion pilot flame. The atomised reactive solution produced a second flame, called main flame, owing to the combustion of the ethanol-containing solution. The energy of the main flame provides the energy required for the chemical reaction, that is dissociation of... 

Propane, C3Hg, is a fuel commonly used for cooking on gas grills and for heating in rural areas where natural gas is unavailable. Propane reacts with oxygen gas to produce heat and the products carbon dioxide and water. This combustion reaction is represented by the unbalanced equation... 

The power washed TPO parts pass under a robotic oxygenated butane or propane flame arm . The oxidizing flames (flame plasma) change the chemical make up of the TPO surface. The basis for this change is a working knowledge of the combustion reaction of the hydrocarbon gas defined as ... 

Liquid propane in the tank, C3H8, vaporizes and mixes with air as it escapes through the nozzie. The combustion reaction of C3H8 and O2 produces a blue flame. 

Consider the mixtm-e of propane, C3H8, and O2 shown below, (a) Write a balanced equation for the combustion reaction that occurs between propane and oxygen, (b) Which reactant is the limiting reactant (c) How many molecules of CO2, H2O, C3H3, and O2 will be present if the reaction goes to completion ... 

Figure 10.10a shows propane conversion contours obtained from 2D CFD calculations for catalytic propane combustion in a non-adiabatic microchannel for the conditions mentioned in the caption [23]. Unlike the homogeneous combustion case, the preheating and combustion zones in catalytic microburners overlap since catalytic reactions can occur on the hot catalyst surface close to the reactor entrance. Figure 10.10b shows a discontinuity in the Nu profile, similar to the homogeneous combustion problem. In this case, it happens at the boundary between the preheat-ing/combustion zone and the post-combustion zone. At this point, the bulk gas temperature (cup-mixing average) and wall temperatures cross over and the direction... 

The most common type of reaction of organic compounds is the combustion reaction, which is typical of hydrocarbons used as fuels. Gasoline, a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, is the fuel that powers our cars, lawn mowers, and snow blowers. Propane is the fuel... 

Propane is a homologue of -butane with one less CH2 group and therefore, the same mechanism of catalyst operation may apply. Unfortunately, VPO catalysts are not particularly effective in propane selective oxidation (<15% yield to acrylic acid) due to lesser reactivity of propane (higher reaction temperatures) and lesser stability of acrylic acid compared with maleic anhydride (enhanced total combustion) [29]. At the higher reaction temperatures, coke is also formed in some cases on the catalyst surface [30]. Typical catalytic results for propane partial oxidation over VPO catalysts, reported in the literature, are summarized in Table 13.2. 

Rame treatment is a thermal plasma method where exothermic reactions between oxygen and fuel gas create thermally activated radical atoms and molecules, such as, O, OH, NH, NO, and CN [87,88]. The most commonly used gases in flame treatment are propane (CjM ), natural gas or methane (CH ) and butane (C H,g). These gases mainly bum with atmospheric oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide. The combustion is a complex process involving many chemical reactions, but it is well summarized by, Farris et al. [85] and Strobel et al. [89]. For example, the combustion reaction of propane is ... 

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