Proliferation of cells

Moulton D., Celebi G. and Fink R. (1970). Olfaction in Mammals — two aspects proliferation of cells in the olfactory epithelium and sensitivity to odors. In Taste and Smell in Vertebrates (Wolstenholme G. and Knight J., eds.). Ciba, London, pp. 227-250. 

Figure 9 shows the proliferation of cells encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA hydrogel. The encapsulated cells (L929) did not proliferate with the excessive proliferation seen on the TCPS. The encapsulated cells were recovered from the PMBV/PVA... 

Alternative mRNA maturation is frequent in tumor tissue expressing ER. In some cases it would give rise to truncated receptors that would maintain the capacity to bind hormones but would have lost their capacity as a transcription factor. Additionally, truncated receptors would be produced that would lack the capacity to bind hormones but would conserve intact their capacity to interact with DNA. In this case, the truncated receptors can become tumorigenic by stimulating the proliferation of cells uncontrolled by hormones. These receptor variants have been the object of exhaustive study at the level of mRNA in tumors of the breast, mainly estrogen-dependent tumors (Clemons et al. 2001 Garcia et al. 1988 Palmieri et al. 2002), but tests for the existence of receptor protein with these characteristics have not corroborated the expectation created by their theoretical interest. 

Lymphoid neoplasms are clone-expanded proliferations of cells representing distinct stages of B/T cell development. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements can be detected to indicate monoclonality of B-cell lineage lymphoproliferative... 

In order to compare the biological properties of the semm before and after treatment, its effect on the rate of proliferation of cells in the culture was studied. The results are presented in Table 5.1. As can be seen from these data, the proliferative activity of cells in the presence of the serum is significantly greater than that for serum-free medium. At the same time, 6 h of preliminary treatment of serum does not affect the proliferative activity of the cells. Therefore, the growth properties of the serum do not change after photodynamic treatment. 

Herceptin blocks downstream HER2 signaling to inhibit proliferation of cells... 

Cytotoxic agents Since proliferation of cells is essential for the immune response, agents that inhibit DNA synthesis have been used as immunosuppressive agents for many years. The first were used in the 1960s, particularly to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ, for example purine and pyrimidine analogues. These agents are not now used in autoimmune diseases but are stiU used in cancer chemotherapy (Chapter 21). 

Cancer is a disease characterised by uncontrolled proliferation of cells that produces a tumour, from which the cells can invade local tissues and then spread to give rise to metastases. Cancers are classified into three groups carcinomas, sarcomas and leukaemias/lymphomas. Carcinomas, the most common, arise in epithelial cells, sarcomas in connective tissue (e.g. bone, cartilage) and leukaemias and lymphomas from white blood cells. 

A. Oncogene activation by overexpression, mutation, or chromosomal rearrangement can lead to rapid proliferation of cells and cancer. 

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept) is an ester prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), a Penicillium-de-rived immunosuppressive agent (see Chapter 57) that blocks de novo purine synthesis by noncompetitively inhibiting the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. MPA preferentially suppresses the proliferation of cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, that lack the purine salvage pathway and must synthesize de novo... 

Cell proliferation. Snuff extract in combination with DMBA, in primary embryonal mouse tongue culture, inhibited the proliferation of cells and decreased ornithine... 

One design requirement is to provide a physical scaffold that permits near-normal proliferation of cells. Proliferation is encouraged by scaffold with an open and curvilinear structure — a more or less natural conformation. For example, hepatic cells cultured on a flat plate do not function. The cell survival signals are functional as evidenced by our ability to keep cells alive, but their metabolic functions are destroyed when they are forced into a flat conformation. By inference, therefore, a concave structure is thought to be appropriate. As cells migrate to coat a surface, it is equally important to provide a scaffold that has as open an architecture as possible so as not to inhibit spreading. 

The interpretation of these experiments is that the cellular growth in unconditioned medium results in the proliferation of cells after 24 h. The same result can be seen for cells incubated at pH 10, 10.5, and 10.75. Only pH 9 results in a lower proliferation rate indicating a slow growth. Therefore, we believe that the exposure to higher pHs results in an inadequate proliferation that should be prevented. 

Thus, cytotoxic chemicals can act as promoters. Indeed chronic inflammation itself can lead to the proliferation of cells. TP A stimulates inflammation via PKC and TNF-cc, which cause the accumulation of inflammatory cells. 

An important characteristic of cancer cells is their uncontrolled proliferation. They don t respond to the normal signals from adjacent cells that indicate that cell division should stop. Cancer cells also differ dramatically from those present in warts and other benign tumors and in psoriasis. These conditions also result in excessive proliferation of cells and partial derangement of normal regulatory processes. 

The Phototherapy of Cancer a Mode of Treatment Still at the Research Stage. Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells which build up into tumours. Treatments rely on the elimination of diseased cells, through surgery, through the effects of ionizing radiation or through chemicals. 

Azathioprine inhibits purine synthesis, which is necessary for the proliferation of cells, especially immunocompetent cells. It is converted to 6-mercaptopurine after it reacts with glutathione, and its metabolite, 6-mercaptopurine, is converted to additional metabolites, which inhibit de novo purine synthesis. This results from the synthesis of 6-thio IMP, 6-thio GMP and 6-thio GTP, and cell proliferation is inhibited after 6-thio GTP is inserted into host DNA. 

Normal p53 gene is a critical controller of normal growth and homeostasis of cells and tissues. It acts as a guardian of the genome by preventing the proliferation of cells with... 

AGEs exhibit a biphasic effect on the proliferation of cells, proliferative at low and antiproliferative at high concentrations, e.g., at 1-10 and >20 fig ml-1 BSA-AGE, respectively.326 Proliferation also depends on the type of AGE, e.g., early-glycation products of BSA reduced the proliferation of pericytes by 40%, whereas AGE-BSA increased it 156%.327... 

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