Project demands

Economic Aspects. Eigures on U.S. production, imports, and projected demand of chloroacetic acid are Hsted in Table 2 (24). The majority of imported chloroacetic acid is produced in Germany. Western European capacity for chloroacetic acid is in excess of 225,000 metric tons per year. In 1990 the price was 1.25 to 1.36/kg (24,25). 

HDPE is one of the largest commodity plastics manufactured worldwide. Dynamics of HDPE production is represented by the following data indicating both the existing and projected demand (t/yr) (114) ... 

Ref 54. Vulcan has recently bought out Vista. The historical growth rate (1979—1988) for methyl chloride is 1.7% per year. The projected growth rate through 1993 is projected demand in 1993 is 264,000 t. Methyl chloride is used primarily in the manufacture of siHcones (Table 5). Table 5. Uses of Methyl Chloride 1 to 2% per year. The... 

If a tolling project demands that a company seek candidate tollers with different expertise from that required for previous tolls, or if it simply wants to expand its list of preferred tollers, other resources exist to help. 

The projected growth scenarios for conventional gas seem justified from the point of view of ultimately recoverable resources, and unlike for oil, no major discrepancies between projected demand and supply are to be expected in the coming decades. An important aspect of the future availability of natural gas, however, is the creation of the necessary infrastructure for the production and subsequent transport of the gas to the customer. The cumulative investments for the gas-supply infrastructure until 2030 are estimated to amount to US 3.9 trillion (IEA, 2006). 

Figure 15.1. Projected natural gas use in the United States by sector (USDOE, 2007a), and projected demand for natural gas to make hydrogen for fuel-cell vehicles until 2030 (based on extension of USDOE s most aggressive scenario for introducing hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (Gronich, 2006)).

The alternative Is to design your development project around certain starting conditions. These would be expected to make the project demanding and stretching and lead to fruitful development opportunities. Having set the starting condi-... 

A comparison of market penetration with the similar Responsible Care Model shows that more than 50% (in terms of value) of the chemical companies had implemented this new model after a period of 13 years. The Responsible Care Model, under which the chemical supplier ensures that "its" chemical is used in a way that is as environmentally friendly and protective of health as possible, is based on a similar idea and is comparable in nature. However, Responsible Care by no means requires such a close co-operation between the chemical supplier and the chemical user, and unlike Chemical Leasing, does not aim at minimising the volume of chemical substances used. By analogy, it can be expected that Chemical Leasing will have been adopted by half of the target customers, or approx. 2,000 SMEs, within roughly 10 years.9 Based on this, a diffusion curve (see appendix) was drawn up, which results in the following project demand for the first four years (Fig. 15.)... 

Alabama (SRI 1989 USITC 1989). The yearly production capacity is 10 million pounds for the former and 36 million pounds for the latter (CMR 1987 SRI 1989). According to SRI (1989), Monsanto Co. captively (used on-site) uses part of the 4-nitrophenol that it produces. The U.S. demand for 4-nitrophenol, including exports, was 23 million pounds in 1987 and the projected demand is 25 million pounds in 1991. If Hoechst-Celanese commercializes an alternate acetaminophen (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol) production process, it could reduce the consumption of 4-nitrophenol toward the end of the decade (CMR 1987). Besides the facilities that manufacture the nitrophenols, the companies that process these compounds are listed in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 also shows the intended use and the maximum amounts of each chemical stored on site... 

Recycling of old asphalt pavements is an energy-intensive activity which is being stimulated by two factors—the decreasing availability of total absence of quality aggregates in a number of regions around the country and the current price trends and projected demands for asphalt cement. These factors were discussed in the beginning of this chapter. 

The large engineering firm option will be the most expensive and should be avoided unless the project demands a very specific expertise only available through a large firm. 

Services offered The CSO offers a sufficiently broad scope of services for conducting the contracted research study in the shortest time possible. The services offered anticipate contract project demands and respond quickly to project dynamics. 

Forecasted natural gas availability from 1971 to 1990 indicates the Nations supply will he inadequate to meet projected demand. Domestic production is expected to peak at about 25 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in the mid-seventies and decline slowly thereafter, while demand could reach 46 Tcf in 1990. Supplemental sources of gas, including pipeline imports, liquefied natural gas, synthetic gas from coal, and gas from Alaska, will be required to ameliorate indigenous supply deficiencies. Expected volumes of gas from these supplemental sources may total 4.6 and 11.5 Tcf annually by 1980 and 1990, respectively, and by 1990 could provide about 40% of the Nations gas consumption. Nevertheless, total gas supply wiU be insufficient to meet projected demand, and a continuing supply-demand imbalance is expected. 

Electronics industiy. Semiconductors and circuit boards require the following chemical materials [4] cleaners, developers, dopants, encapsu-lators, etchants, photo resins, strippers, and specialty gases. The projected demand for electronic chemicals is expected to expand by 8.5% per year to 4.6 billion in 2001. 

Assess current and projected demand for platinum group metals (PGMs) exclusive of fuel cell applications... 

New producers have announced plans to install 13.1 million pounds of additional capacity, bringing the estimated 1980 production to 71.9 million pounds of vanadium, representing 139% of projected demand. 

Within the United States milling capacity is estimated at 19 million pounds of vanadium. A new producer has announced plans to enter the business in 1976, bringing domestic production capacity to 21.1 million pounds. These figures are well in excess of the 1973 estimated demand of 12.5 million pounds for the United States and Canada, and the production is adequate to satisfy the projected demand of 16.1 million pounds in 1980. In addition to basic vanadium oxide producers, a major domestic converter of ferro-vanadium is now producing millions of pounds of vanadium per year for sale in the United States from imported, duty free, steel slags. 

In the foregoing it may be seen that the milling capacity of the domestic facilities and, indeed, throughout the Free World will be more than adequate to satisfy the projected demand for vanadium. The recovery of vanadium from petroleum products may represent still another source of vanadium that may or may not be suitable for processing through existing mills. Under the circumstances, the relative economics of recovery of vanadium from petroleum products should be carefully assessed before capital investments are seriously considered. 

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