Project control presentation

R. L. Stevens, J. L. Goff, and A. H. Thomas, "Santa Maria Cogeneration Project Selective Catalytic Reduction for NO Control," presented at the... 

This procedure presents a quick and reasonably accurate method to estimate the cost of the instrumentation account at various levels of engineering development with sufficient details for subsequent cost tracking and project control. 

In this way, innovatory projects will continue to be supported, with an assessment procedure which is more rigorously controlled. Moreover, THERMIE will open up the possibihty of support to projects already presented, where these are put forward in new contexts, geographical, economic, social and energy oriented within, and in some cases outside the EEC. 

Nelson, S. G., 1991, Sanitech s 2.5 MW Magnesia Dry-Scrubbing Demonstration Project, paper presented at the EPRI/EPA/DOE 1991 SO2 Control Symposium, Washington, D.C., Dec. 3-6. 

This paper is based on the work undertaken during the first year of a four year collaborative project entitled "Software Engineering Methods for Safe Programmable Logic Controllers". The project is part of the joint DTl/Serc "Safety Critical Systems Initiative". In the paper the background to the project is presented, and the principal objectives of the project are summarised. Whilst it is too early to present detailed results, the major issues are summarised. The principal conclusion to date is that the cross-sectoral background of project members has challenged many preconceived notions. 

The authors thank the german research community (DFG) for the support of the presented investigations whieh were realized inside the Special Research Area 326, named, J rocess Integrated Quality Control with Quality Information System for Metallic Parts in Mechanical Engineering, and special thanks to the scientific bilateral project between Brazil and Germany supported by the CNPq, KFA and DLR to realize the presented investigations in advanced radioscopy and tomography. 

PID controller is a flexible, effective, and rehable controller for the process industries. A considerable range of controller actions is possible by selecting tuning parameters to provide different weights to the present (proportional), the past (integral), and the projected future (derivative). References related to the tuning of PID controllers are available (20—24). 

The benefit-to-cost (B/C) ratio is a benchmark that is determined by taking the total present value of all of the financial benefits of an air pollution control project and dividing it by the total present value of all the costs of the project. If the ratio is greater than unity, then the benefits outweigh the costs, and we may conclude that the project is economically worthwhile. 

In the selection of control equipment, the most important waste-gas characteristics are volumetric flow rate, concentration and composition of organic compounds in the waste-gas, waste-gas temperature and humidity, and rbe content of particulate matter, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and toxic pollutants. Other factors influencing the equipment selection are the required removal efficiency, recovery requirements, investment and operating costs, ease of installation, and considerations of operation and maintenance. The selection of a suitable control method is based on the fundamental selection criteria presented as well as the special characteristics of the project. 

A milestone chart presents a broad-bmsh picture of a project s schedule and control dates. It lists those key events that are clearly verifiable by others or that require approval before the project can proceed. If this is done correctly, a project will not have many milestones. Because of this lack of detail, a milestone chart is... 

We certainly want to respond very differently if the temperature of a chemical reactor is changing at a rate of 100°C/s as opposed to l°C/s. In a way, we want to "project" the error and make corrections accordingly. In contrast, proportional and integral controls are based on the present and the past. Derivative controller action is based on how fast the error is changing with time (rate action control). We can write... 

Traditionally the PERT diagram did not involve costs, but in the early 1960s a plan called PERT/Cost was developed that was similar to the cost-control concepts of CPM. Some authors claimed they were now essentially the same. PERT/Cost involves obtaining one cost for each activity. If the expected time were,the same as the normal time, the procedure for cost control would be the same as for a CPM system. The PERT system can also be easily adapted to the method presented for speeding up projects (crashing). The remarks made previously about scheduling and obtaining time estimates apply equally well to PERT and CPM. 

---