Programmable systems

Automatic programmable systems may be designed to incorporate rapid action valves to provide flash steam to condensate tanks and/or HR for various industrial applications. 

Basic process control system (BPCS) System that responds to input signals from the process, its associated equipment, other programmable systems, and/or an operator and generates output signals,... 

M. Conrad, Scaling of efficiency in programmable and non-programmable systems, BioSystems, 35, 161-166 (1995). 

Fig 2 shows the sequence of events of an electronic programmer system for a projectile. The projectile was equipped with a telemetry unit that transmitted the frequency of both oscillators and the outputs from both channels. The outputs occurred at T-70, T-60, T-40 and T-00 secs. The purpose of the test was primarily to determine if the decade dividers, output logic, and firing circuit would operate... 

Electronic Programmer System for XM471 Projectile , Proc Electronic Timers for Ordnance Symp, Vol 1, US Army Harry Diamond Labs (1965), 21—58 3) W.H. Mermagen et al,... 

At the end of the selected number of sample analysis cycles, one analysis of the standard is performed. The system then either terminates work or repeats the entire sequence at the discretion of the operator. The interval between analyses is under program control and may vary from 2 min to 1 hr. A provision for making standard additions under program control has also been made, but as of this writing the automated pipette has not been installed, and standard additions were made with a handheld micropipette. Details of the programmer system and wiring diagrams are available upon request. 

Any spray dryer control system can be run either automatically or semiautomatically. A fully automatic control system is recommended when the product quality should meet very stringent requirements and when lower operating costs are essential. A timing device starts up the dryer in a predetermined sequence. In case of failure in the control equipment it is always possible to employ manual control and to continue production without interruption. The shutdown and cleaning operations are programmed and controlled by means of timing equipment. The ACS must include a control system for fire detection, a system for fire or explosion prevention, and a programmable system for countermeasures. 

GC analyses are performed on a temperature-programmable system equipped with split/splitless capillary column injector, thermionic-specific (e.g.,... 

Programmable systems are increasingly common in the process industries, but neither hardware nor software is yet sufficiently reliable for use as emergency shutdown systems in situations where there is a significant hazard . 

The historical development of this type of monitoring equipment goes from electromechanical units as the Lilly Controller via electronic units and standard-PLCs used together with basic sensors and actuators to todays requirements to use electronic/programmable systems together with sensors and actuators that all are designed according a Functional Safety standard. 

Rae, A. (2007) Helping the Operator in the Loop Practical Human Machine Interface Principles for Safe Computer Controlled Systems, SCS 07 Proceedings of the twelfth Australian workshop on Safety critical systems and software and safety-related programmable systems—Volume 86 Pages 61-70. Australian Computer Society, Inc. Darhnghurst, Australia. 

Gran B A (2002), Assessment of programmable systems using Bayesian Belief nets, Safety Science 40 pp 797-812. 2002,... 

There are various ways to classify today s infusion devices based upon their functionality, driving mechanism, size, or ability to be disconnected periodically from the infusion apparatus. In order to simplify the classification, we have chosen to differentiate only between stationary and portable devices. Stationary devices are used for patients who remain in bed during the treatment, either at home or in a hospital environment. In general, these devices are large, programmable systems that remain near the bedside and require close supervision by medical personnel. Portable infusion pumps, on the other hand, are used by patients who can freely move during then-therapy. They include implantable and externally worn pumps, which range from somewhat bulky forms to small and concealable devices as shown in Fig.l. 

Y. Papadopoulos, J. McDertnid, A. Mavrides, C. Scheidler, M. Maruhn, Model-based semiautomatic safety analysis of programmable systems in automotive applications, in Proceedings of ADAS 2001, the International Conference on Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, IEEE Publications, Birmingham, UK, September 2001. CFP 483. 

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