Program Input

These days, in the age of personal computers, data input is invariably done by typing the data onto the terminal screen. This may be while the modeling program is actually 

A template file is simply a file in which text and symbols are arranged with delimited areas for data, simplifying the process of figuring out the proper format. It is quite commonly just an old input file, in which the data are entered for a new problem. The essence of the process, however, is that each piece of data must be in a certain place in the file. 

A script is a text file prepared with an editor, independently of the modeling program.2 Data can appear anywhere in the file, but must be preceded by a keyword that the program recognizes, so that the program knows what to do with the data which 

Given the rate of software development, a good way to ensure that a book such as this becomes quickly out of date is to base it closely on existing programs. Nevertheless, we must say something about data input, and the methods just described probably will 

We obviously cannot go into all the details of data input for each program, but below we show examples of each type of input, with some comments. 

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The synthesis is carried out in two phases. In the first phase a heuristic starting routine is used to generate an initial tree. It was found through experience that the pipes connected to the separation plant (the root of the tree) play a special role in the development of a tree. These pipes will be referred to as arms and the pipes connected to each arm its subtree. It is assumed that the number and location of the arms are specified as program input by the engineer. The two heuristic rules used by the starting routine are (i) efficient trees have low total pipe mileage (ii) efficient trees have nearly equal flow in their arms. Notice that the application of rule (i) by itself... 

The operational qualification for standard instruments, microcontrollers, and smart instrumentation consists of a black box test. This type of test is based on the user s firm application requirement and challenges a program s external influences. It views the software as a black box concerned with program inputs and its corresponding outputs. The black box testing must consider not only the expected (normal) inputs, but also unexpected inputs. Black box testing is discussed in Chapter 9. 

Table A.l describes how data is input into the FREZCHEM model. This is specifically for version 9.2. Earlier versions have similar but fewer inputs. Pay particular attention to the units of gas concentrations. Versions of the model before 9.2 required gas concentrations in atm., while version 9.2 requires units of bars. Most of the program inputs are relatively self-explanatory (Table A.l). A few additional words are necessary to assure gas hydrates are handled correctly in the model.

TABLE 3.4 Nonconventional Tray Design, ICPDTray Program Input... 

Figure 3.5 Valve tray program input form.

To this point, we have covered mostly the accompanying computer tray program inputs. These programs are on the CD in the back cover of this book. The remaining part of this chapter will exhibit the equations used in these programs and the database resources for them. 

Figure 3.6 Program output answers from Fig. 3.5 program input form.

AirClr8 and AirClr9 are the only programs on the accompanying CD that are not in Visual Basic. To get a printout of the program input and answer screens, use the PrintScreen key in DOS mode. 

The help menu opens up a long list of issues that the designer can find assistance with, as shown in Figure 10.11. Additionally, several of the program inputs allow the designer to double click on the input query and information about that issue will pop up on the screen. 

Possible program input and execution errors should be predicted in advance and handled appropriately in the source code (e.g., division by zero). 

Simulation Sciences, Inc., PROCESS Simulation Program Input Manual, Simulation Sciences, Inc., Fullerton, Calif., 1984. 

Uh[ 051 To conduct prospective cost analysis of educational efforts to change inappropriate prescribing of HzRAs OA Pre/post None Physician prescribing pattern, DCA, number of drug interactions Savings of 250,000 estimated for 1st yr of program Input costs not considered... 

Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow Program Inputs and Outputs... 

A necessary restriction in the linear programming input is the requirement that the volume fractions of the final blend components add up to 1.0. Other helpful restrictions are that minimum amounts of given solvents be present in the formulation, or conversely, that upper limits be set on the concentrations of given solvents. A Rule 66-type formulation could be handled in this manner, but a more satisfactory manner is to use three equations placing maximum restrictions on the three classes as specified by the Rule. For example, Class I solvents must be less than 0.05 volume fraction, Class II solvents must be less than 0.08 volume fraction, and the sum of the three classes must be less than 0.20 volume fraction. As Nelson (I) discussed, the viscosity may be controlled although we have not found this to be a significant factor, and we often omit the specification. In this case the logarithms of the viscosities of the... 

In the computer program input (Table 10.2), the column in Figure 10.2 is discretized into 40 cells, each 20 m long, and each containing specific amounts of calcite, kaolinite,... 

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