Prognostic biomarkers

Uemura N, Nakanishi Y, Kato H, et al. Transglutaminase 3 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal cancer revealed by proteomics. Int. J. Cancer 2009 124 2106-2115. 

Suehara Y, Suehara Y, Kondo T, et al. (2008) Pfetin as a prognostic biomarker of gastrointestinal stromal tumors revealed by proteomics. Clin Cancer Res 14, 1707-17. 

Grizzle, W. E., Myers, R. B., and Oelschlager, D. K. 1995. Prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer Factors affecting immunohistochemical evaluation. Breast 7 243-250. 

Hoffman BR, Katsaros D, Scorilas A, et al. Immunofluorometric quantitation and histochemical localisation of kallikrein 6 protein in ovarian cancer tissue A new independent unfavourable prognostic biomarker. Br J Cancer 2002 87 763-771. 

Dhanasekaran SM, Barrette TR, Ghosh D, Shah R, Varambally S, Kurachi K, Pienta KJ, Rubin MA, Chinnaiyan AM. Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. Nature 2001 412 822-826. 

Baba, M., Nakaigawa, N., Ishiguro, H., Hamada, K., Inayama, Y, Kishida, T., Hattori, K., etaJ. (2005). Gene expression analysis of renal carcinoma adipose differentiation-related protein as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for clear-cell renal carcinoma. J. Pathol. 205, 377-387. 

The continued use of proteomics, as described in this review, should result in the discovery of new diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers, in addition to those already identified in the referenced studies in this chapter, facilitating the identification of potential drug targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches for combating heart and cardiovascular disease. 

Briefly, BM can be classified as diagnostic biomarkers, which are molecules that help to discriminate between healthy and one or more pathological states prognostic biomarkers are molecules that follow disease evolution. Predictive biomarkers are defined as the molecules that could provide relevant information to predict response or resistance to therapy they also could be used to monitor the response, as well as, in some cases, as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. 

Bauer JJ, Sesterhenn lA, Mostofi FK, et al. Elevated levels of apoptosis regulator proteins p53 and bcl-2 are independent prognostic biomarkers in strrgically treated clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 1996 156 1511. 

Moul JW, Bettencorrrt MC, Sesterhenn lA, et al. Protein expression of p53, bcl-2, and KI-67 (MIB-1) as prognostic biomarkers in patients with strrgically treated, clinically localized prostate cancer. Surgery. 1996 120 159. 

There are several performance specifications that need to be considered in the use of a particular bio-marker. Each depends on the question being addressed. Both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are used for patient selection. Diagnostic biomarkers either identify a disease process, specific patient characteristics, or establish the severity and extent of involvement, or disease burden. Prognostic biomarkers help predict which patients will progress most rapidly, respond to a particular therapy, or develop complications. 

Mano Y, Takahashi K, Ishikawa N, Takano A, Yasui W, Inai K, et al. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 oncogene partner as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2007 98 1902-1913. 

Why is it important to accept this challenge A current and near future priority of biomedical research is to understand and treat complex diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer that have only recently become prevalent sources of morbidity and mortality in human populations. A major goal of systems biology and proteomics is to identify and quantify specific proteins for use as predictive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers of disease [32]. Biomarker discovery is... 

Suehara Y, Tochigi N, Kubota D, Kikuta K, Nakavama R, Seki K, Yoshida A, Ichikawa H, Hasegawa T, Kaneko K, Chuman H, Beppu Y, Kawai A, Kondo T. Sacemin-1 as a novel prognostic biomarker candidate of synovial sarcoma revealed by proteomics. J Proteomics. 2011 74 829-42. 

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