Production-oriented management

Pollution prevention is everyone s responsibility. Preventing pollution may be a new role for production-oriented managers and workers, but their cooperation is crucial. It is the workers themselves who must make pollution prevention succeed in the workplace. 

Ma.na.gement. Top management usuaHy has financial or production orientation and interests in commodity chemicals. Eor specialty chemicals, top management often is entrepreneurial, versed in customers needs and dedicated to solving customers problems. 

With pure or fundamental research the provision of commercial opportunities is, by its very nature, a long way into the future. However, in industry this is the final objective, no matter how far into the future, it is not science for the sake of science. This type of long-term work is uncommon in most chemical companies and at best only represents a very small fraction of total R D budgets, even in the largest companies. It is often contracted out or carried out in collaboration with research institutes and universities, these bodies finding that it provides them with a useful source of funding and indeed a new role in the economic welfare of a country. The time frames and measures of success are quite different from product oriented research and when carried out in industry requires special management skills. This will be dealt with in Section C on innovation and creativity. 

The matrix system is commonly used internally within R D Groups, especially when research is product orientated and multi-disciplinary. This will be covered in Section B, 1.2.1. Most companies use matrix management for major projects, whether these be internal, e.g. the construction of a plant or facility, or have an external end point, e.g. the delivery of a product or service to the market. The specific use of empowered multi-disciplinary or cross functional teams working in a matrix, applied specifically to the reduction in the lead time for delivering projects, will be considered again in Section D. 

The various measures for product orientated risk management of chemicals early in the supply chain (Fig. 16.1) before or at the time chemicals are introduced on the market, referred to here as chemicals control, aim at improved control of the flow of chemicals to the market, including appropriate information to users on risks and... 

Creating better performance through customer- and productivity-oriented behavior, more and better leadership, and more effective management... 

Recently Indesit Company has started looking at Product-Service concepts to innovate its solution portfolio, create new business opportunities and enhance sustainability [50]. It means introducing a new service-oriented approach and the shift from product lifecycle management (PLM) to service lifecycle management (SLM) [51]. It means to manage not simply the product but also services and the necessary infrastructure along the value chain. 

It was found that neither a PLM, nor an ERP-oriented standard application is able to supply the needed functionality for a lifecycle approach to product configuration. PLM systems are product-centered tools, whereas ERP systems consists of operational business tools. A JLR s specific configuration lifecycle management (CLM) system was proposed to support the complete product lifecycle for a JLR configuration [47]. Table 14.3 shows some aspects of PLM, CLM and ERP and their differences from a product configuration management perspective. 

The basic operation of solid waste management involves waste collection, transportation, storage and treatment. Although these functions remain similar, as environmental management progresses, the roles and applications of products may change therefore, an ideal waste management system is function oriented, not product oriented [22-26]. 

Narver, J. C., Slater, S. F., and MacLachlan, D. L (2004), "Responsive and Proactive Market Orientation and New Product Success," Journal of Product limovation Management 21 (5), 334-47. 

De Bakker, F.G.A., O.A.M. Fisscher and A.J.P. Brack, 2002. Organizing product-oriented environmental management from a firm s perspective. Journal of Cleaner ProdiKtion 10,455-464. 

Rocha, C. and H. Brezet (1999). Product-oriented environmental management systems acase study. The Journal of Sustainable Product Design(July) 30-42. 

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