Processing liquid injection

Liquid-Injection Molding. In Hquid-injection mol ding (LIM), monomers and oligomers are injected into a mold cavity where a rapid polymerization takes place to produce a thermoset article. Advantages of these processes are low cost, low pressure requirement, and flexibiHty in mold configuration. Conventional systems, such as isocyanate with polyol, release Htfle or no volatiles. The generation of substantial volatiles in the mold is obviously undesirable and has represented a significant obstacle to the development of a phenoHc-based LIM system. A phenoHc LIM system based on an... 

Liquid Injection. Liquid injection units are the most common type of incinerator today for the destmction of Hquid hazardous wastes such as solvents. Atomizers break the Hquid into fine droplets (100—150 microns) which allows the residence time to be extremely short (0.5—2.5 s). The viscosity of the waste is very important the waste must be both pumpable and capable of being atomized into fine droplets. Both gases and Hquids can be incinerated in Hquid injection units. Gases include organic streams from process vents and those from other thermal processes in the latter case, the Hquid injection incinerator operates as an afterburner. Aqueous wastes containing less than 75% water can be incinerated in Hquid injection units. 

In this process liquid propylene, containing some propane, is mixed with benzene and passed through a reaction tower containing phosphoric acid on kieselguhr as catalyst. The reaction is exothermic and the propane present acts as a quench medium. A small quantity of water is injected into the reactor to... 

The typical TP encapsulation process is an insert injection molding or liquid injection molding operation. The insert, a coil, or an integrated circuit, for example, is placed in a mold equipped with either fixed spider type supports or retractable pins or other features to support it when molten TP is injected. 

Liquid injection molding (LIM), 18 792 phenolic resins in, 13 794-795 Liquid inks, 14 315 Liquid iodine, viscosity of, 14 354 Liquid ion-exchange rhenium recovery process, 21 689... 

The studies on the performance of effervescent atomizer have been very limited as compared to those described above. However, the results of droplet size measurements made by Lefebvre et al.t87] for the effervescent atomizer provided insightful information about the effects of process parameters on droplet size. Their analysis of the experimental data suggested that the atomization quality by the effervescent atomizer is generally quite high. Better atomization may be achieved by generating small bubbles. Droplet size distribution may follow the Rosin-Rammler distribution pattern with the parameter q ranging from 1 to 2 for a gas to liquid ratio up to 0.2, and a liquid injection pressure from 34.5 to 345 kPa. The mean droplet size decreases with an increase in the gas to liquid ratio and/or liquid injection pressure. Any factor that tends to impair atomization quality, and increase the mean droplet size (for example, decreasing gas to liquid ratio and/or injection pressure) also leads to a more mono-disperse spray. 

The decrease in the mean droplet size with increasing liquid injection pressure may be attributed to two effects. First, the high pressure-drop across the exit orifice makes the process more like a pressure atomization at high pressure. Second, the liquid is squeezed into fine ligaments as it flows through the injector orifice, and the ligaments are shattered into small droplets by the explosion downstream of the nozzle exit. 

Once an undesirable material is created, the most widely used approach to exhaust emission control is the application of add-on control devices (6). For organic vapors, these devices can be one of two types, combustion or capture. Applicable combustion devices include thermal incinerators (qv), ie, rotary kilns, liquid injection combusters, fixed hearths, and fluidized-bed combustors catalytic oxidization devices flares or boilers/process heaters. Primary applicable capture devices include condensers, adsorbers, and absorbers, although such techniques as precipitation and membrane filtration are finding increased application. A comparison of the primary control alternatives is shown in Table 1 (see also Absorption Adsorption Membrane technology). 

Figures 16.38 and 16.39 demonstrate that the form of the particle size distributions is once again almost constant during the process time, and consequently the pneumatic recycled dust is not used for seed production. Dust is deposited on the particles because the nozzle position is close to the dust recycle tube (uniform wetted dust), and this leads to an enlarged particle growth. The measured time-dependent gas outlet temperature and the measured time-dependent conversion corresponds with simulations (Fig 16.40). The bed mass growth is linear at constant liquid injection rates (Fig. 16.41). The change in particle size distribution value and of the Sauter diameter is, again, declining.

Liquid injection molding (LIM) is a variation of the RIM process. The major difference is in the manner in which the liquid components are mixed. In the LIM process the entire shot is mixed in a chamber before injection into the mold, rather than being continuously mixed and injected, as in the RIM process (Chapter 16). 

Different casting processes are used. They tend to overlap and could be identified by other processing methods. An example is liquid injection molding that can be identified as injection molding (Chapter 4) or reaction injection molding (Chapter 12). Many decades ago the reaction injection molding process was initially called liquid injection molding. 

Figure 11.1 Example of a liquid injection molding casting process...

Liquid injection molding (LIM) is a variation of the reaction injection molding (RIM) process (Chapter 11). 

Kang and Rhee grew bismuth oxide films at 225-425 °C by direct liquid injection MOCVD, using Bi(thd)3 dissolved in n-BuOAc. Temperatures above 325 °C tend to decrease the growth rate due to gas-phase dissociation processes. Annealing at temperatures up to 650 °C is necessary to obtain monoclinic o -Bi203. Temperatures above 750 °C convert a-Bi203 into cubic bismuth silicate due to the reaction with the silicon substrate. 

Despite the many advantages it offers, CVD suffers from the limited availability of suitable precursors for high-Z elements. The vapor pressure of most high-Z element precursors is too low (e.g., below 1 mtorr at room temperature) to dehver a sufficient amount of material to the deposition chamber. Consequently it s difficult to achieve a uniform large-area film due to depletion of the precursors. Many efforts have been made to overcome this obstacle. For example, a CVD process with a liquid or solid as transport precursors has been developed, and such CVD processes are generally referred to as liquid-injection, aerosol-assisted, or mist CVD. i... 

The latest trend in foamed composites is automotive structural parts produced by the SRIM (structural reaction-injection-molding) process. The SRIM process is a method of the reactive liquid injection molding (i.e., LIM). LIM includes RIM (reaction injection molding), RRIM (reinforced RIM) and RTM (resin transfer molding). IX M (Liquid Composite Molding) is a relatively new technical term which includes SRIM, RRIM and RTM (Resin Transfer Molding). 

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