Processes for Improvement

On the other hand, we need to understand the management process that will take us to the next level. Refer to Table 5-1 for an overview of this management process as a big picture. 

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Vulcani2ation is a chemical process for improving an elastomer compound s performance. However, in most cases not all of the desired properties reach their optimum levels simultaneously. One of the mbber compounder s key responsibiHties is to achieve a balance of the most important property requirements by the proper selection of cure system (chemical) and time—temperature cure cycle (physical). 

U. Zwicker and H.W. Schleicher, Process for improving the workability of titanium alloys,... 

Akzo-Fina CFI A process for improving the quality of diesel fuel by dewaxing, hydrotreating, and hydrocracking. Developed by Akzo Nobel and Fina from 1988. 

Alkad A process for improving the safety of alkylation processes using hydrofluoric acid as the catalyst. A proprietary additive curtails the emission of the acid aerosol that forms in the event of a leak. Based on observation of G. Olah in the early 1990s that liquid polyhydrogen fluoride complexes (of amines such as pyridine) depress the vapor pressure of HF above alkylation mixtures. Developed by UOP and Texaco and operated at Texaco s refinery at El Dorado, TX, since 1994. A competing process is ReVAP, developed by Phillips and Mobil. 

GOLDOX [Gold oxidation] A process for improving the extraction of gold from its ores by injecting oxygen into the cyanide solution by the VITOX process. Developed by Afrox, a subsidiary of BOC, and now used widely in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Australia, Canada, and the United States. 

Redex [Recycle extract dual extraction] A process for improving the cetane rating of diesel fuel by removing heavy aromatic hydrocarbons by solvent extraction. 

USC [Ultra Selective Conversion] A front-end process for improving the operation of catalytic crackers for making ethylene. Developed and offered by Stone Webster Engineering Corporation. 

The main process (Fig. 1.1) for the care of a patient is normally the Primary care process (the patient handles their own drugs)—or the community care process (the patient gets help from community nurses at home or at a nursing home). All other processes such as hospital care (secondary/tertiary care) and the pharmacy process must support the main patient process. For improvement we must focus on patient safety and reduce drug-related problems. This means correct prescription and correct use (follow-up, documentation and communication) from the supportive process to the main process. 

Another process for improving the bromination efficiency in rubber bromination processes is to conduct the reaction in the presence of elemental bromine and an aqueous solution of an organic azo compound such as 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile and sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, or magnesium hypochlorite (42,43). 

Introduce novel processes for improved PUREX concepts (i.e., control of Tc, Np, and iodine) and advanced methods, such as reagent s regeneration process. 

Hyperforming a catalytic hydrogenation process for improving the octane number of naphthas through removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. 

Improve the process for Improve the output of Improve the supply to... 

MWI [Mobil Wax Isomerization] A process for improving the quality of petroleum-based lubricating oils. The undesirable wax constituents are hydroisomerized to products of lower molecular weight, using a zeolite catalyst, and the resulting product is treated with an organic peroxide to increase its viscosity. Developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1990. 

If 10,000 cubic feet (10 Mcf) of CO2 costing 0.80/Mcf produce one barrel of oil, the CO2 cost is 8/bbl. Currently, CO2 utilization ratios of 10 Mcf/bbl are required for profitable operation (5). Thus, a surfactant-based process for improving sweep could cost as much as a few dollars per barrel of oil if it doubled the utilization ratio, and, correspondingly, smaller surfactant-associated costs would be commercially feasible for smaller improvements in the utilization ratio. 

Kosikowski, F.V. and Mistry, V.V., Microflltration, ultrafiltration, and centrifugation separation and sterilization processes for improving milk and cheese quality, J. Dairy Sci., 13, 1411, 1990. 

The aim of the BIOEMULSION project is to develop a low-cost physical-chemical and mechanical process for improving operational properties and performances of pyrolysis oil in small and medium Diesel engine units. The project partners are ... 

Cellulose acetate is used in films, cigarette filters, and moldings. It is made by reacting cellulose with acetic anhydride. U.S. 5,608,050 (to Eastman) describes an acetylation process that improves the thermal stability of the polymer. U.S. 5,962,677 (to Daicel) describes a process for improving the processing properties of the polymer. Estimate the cost of production of the polymer by each route. 

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, paracetamol) is an analgesic marketed under a variety of brand names including Tylenol , Calpol , and Panadol . Preparation of the API is described in U.S. 2,998,450 (to Warner Lambert). U.S. 4,474,985 (to Monsanto) describes a process for improving product quality and shelf life. U.S. 5,856,575 (to Council of Scientific Industrial Research) describes an alternative process. Estimate the cost of production by each route. 

In this section, several important aspects of microemulsions in relation to enhanced oil recovery will be discussed. It is well recognized that the success of the microemulsion flooding process for improving oil recovery depends on the proper selection of chemicals in formulating the surfactant slug. 

Process for improving diesel quality ( 92) Topsoe Middistillate Desulfurization and hydrogenation 18 No... 

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