Diesel oil, medium

The products could be classified as a function of various criteria physical properties (in particular, volatility), the way they are created (primary distillation or conversion). Nevertheless, the classification most relevant to this discussion is linked to the end product use LPG, premium gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil, medium and heavy fuels, specialty products like solvents, lubricants, and asphalts. Indeed, the product specifications are generally related to the end use. Traditionally, they have to do with specific properties octane number for premium gasoline, cetane number for diesel oil as well as overall physical properties such as density, distillation curves and viscosity. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Diesel oil, medium Chemical Formula Not applicable. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color. Light brown Odor Characteristic like kerosine. 

Diesel Ignition Improver Diesel Oil. Light Diesel Oil, Medium Diethanolamine... 

OILS, FUEL 2-D Diesel oil, medium Combustible Liquid, III 0 2 0 ... 

DIESEL OIL, DIESEL OIL, LIGHT, or DIESEL OIL, MEDIUM (68334-30-5 68476-31-3) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 100°-190°F/38°-88° cc). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, fluorine. Incompatible with nitric acid, ammonia, ammonium nitrate. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

Fuel oil No. 2-D Fuel oil No. 4 Diesel fuel, medium Light industrial fuel Medium industrial fuel Heavy industrial fuel Bunker C. Furfurane oxole >100 154-240 ... 

Source Concentrations in 8 diesel fuels ranged from 0.026 to 40 mg/L with a mean value of 6.275 mg/L (Westerholm and Li, 1994). Lee et al. (1992) reported concentration ranges of 100-300 mg/L and 0.04-2 pg/L in diesel fuel and corresponding aqueous phase (distilled water), respectively. Schauer et al. (1999) reported anthracene in diesel fuel at a concentration of 5 pg/g and in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 12.5 pg/km. Anthracene was detected in a distilled water-soluble fraction of used motor oil at concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 1.3 pg/L (Chen et al., 1994). 

Source Detected in distilled water-soluble fractions of 87 octane gasoline (24.0 mg/L), 94 octane gasoline (80.7 mg/L), Gasohol (32.3 mg/L), No. 2 fuel oil (0.50 mg/L), jet fuel A (0.23 mg/L), diesel fuel (0.28 mg/L), militaryjet fuel JP-4 (17.6 mg/L) (Potter, 1996), new motor oil (0.37-0.40 jg/L), and used motor oil (195-198 Jg/L) (Chen et ah, 1994). Diesel fuel obtained from a service station in Schlieren, Switzerland contained benzene at a concentration of 76 mg/L (Schluep et al, 2001). The average volume percent and estimated mole fraction in American Petroleum Institute PS-6 gasoline were 2.082 and 0.2969, respectively (Poulsen et al, 1992). Schauer et al. (1999) reported benzene in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 2,740 pg/km. 

Marine diesel oil (MDO) Grades DMB and DMC Grade DMB is blended from gas oils and a trace amount of residual oil. It has a minimum cetane number of 35 and a maximum viscosity of 11 cSt 104°F (40°C). Grade DMC is blended from gas oil components and up to 10% residual oil. It has a minimum cetane number of 35 and a maximum viscosity of 14 cSt 104°F (40°C). Marine diesel oil is used in both high-speed and medium-speed engines. 

The introduction of iron-zinc catalysts led to the low pressure nthesis of liquid and solid hydrocarbons from CO/Hj in 1925 [19. 20. However, it was found that these catalysts were deactivated rapidly and thus further investigations concentrated on nickel and cobalt catalysts. They led to the introduction of a standardized cobalt-based catalyst for llic normal-pressure synthesis of mainly saturated hydrocarbons at temperatures below 200 C. In 1936, the first four commercial plants went on stream. Until 1945 the Fischer-Tropscit synthesis was carried out in nine plants in Germany, one plant in France, four plants in Japan and one plant in Manchuria. The total capacity amounted to approximately one million tons of hydrocarbons per year in 1943. The catalysts used consisted of Co (1(X) parts), ThO (5 parts). MgO (8 parts), and kieselgur (200 parts) and were prepared by precipitation of the nitrates. These catalysts were used in fixed-bed reactors at normal or medium pressures (< 10 bar) and produced mainly saturated straightproduct obtained consisted of 46% gasoline. 23% diesel oil, 3% lubricating oil and 28% waxes (3.15). 

The Synthol light oil (Cs-Ci ) is highly olefinic and is isomerized over an acidic catalyst to improve the octane rating of the gasoline. The hydrocarbon products from the fixed-bed reactors arc distilled to separate the gasoline and diesel oil. The residue is vacuum-disiilled to produce medium wax (320 500 C) and hard wax (>500 C). Both products arc hydrofined using nickel catalysts to remove olefins and oxygenates. 

Diesel oil and BCO is a two phases system since Diesel is insoluble in BCO and vice versa. They are not miscible. If the Diesel oil/BCO system must be used as fuel, a stable emulsion is necessary. In the simplest emulsion a phase (oil or water) is dispersed in the continuous medium (water or oil) in the form of droplets. In this case Diesel oil has been considered as the oil phase and BCO as the water phase because of its consistent water percentage. Three kinds of emulsions can be prepared according to the value of the BCO/Diesel oil ratio ... 

In the first case, the BCD s droplets dispersed in the Diesel oil (continuous medium) form the emulsion. In the second case Diesel oil s droplets are dispersed in BCO (continuous medium). The third case s description is more complex in fact theoretically there are no droplets and Diesel oil and water phases are continuous and form a bicontinuous emulsion". 

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