Process focus

Organization Level Principle Process Focus Basic Team Structure Performance Issue Focus Typical Quality System Focus Ideal Quality System Focus... 

Once vesicles detach from the cytoskeleton they are free to participate in the release process but our understanding of precisely how this is brought about is still sketchy, despite the wealth of information which has accumulated over recent years. What is clear is that it involves a complex cascade of regulatory processes focusing on proteins bound to vesicle membranes, the axolemma and some cytoplasmic factors (see Calakos... 

Efforts to decrease the power demand of the oxygen transfer process focus, of course, on minimizing the voltage demand by decreasing the electrolyte thickness and... 

The value chain strategy process focuses on long-term strategic business design and business rule decisions. Decisions are based on yearly and quarterly buckets with a horizon of multiple years. This process is conducted or updated yearly with a new or an updated strategy in case of very dynamic markets, a review could also be quarterly. In decision making a... 

Operations processes are on the operative level focusing on order scheduling for a specific day or point in time. The schedules have a shorter horizon than the planning processes focusing on days. The schedule is monitored and updated continuously - daily to weekly. Orders are managed on the most detailed level for single customer respectively suppliers and articles. 

Pretreatment process, focused on the selective oxidation of toxic pollutants which may disturb the biodegradation of the non toxic organic pollutants... 

The process includes hazard identification and hazard characterization. The process focuses on the hazard in contrast to risk assessment where exposure assessment is a distinct additional step. 

Hazard assessment is A process designed to determine the possible adverse effects of an agent or simation to which an organism, system or (sub) population could be exposed. The process includes hazard identification and hazard characterization. The process focuses on the hazard in contrast to risk assessment where exposure assessment is a distinct additional step. ... 

The pre-clinical drug discovery process is typically a sequential selection and optimization process focusing, as summarized in Table 2, on different essential properties at each step. " Tool compounds required for early in vitro or in vivo target validation typically do not need to satisfy the same stringent in vivo efficacy and safety criteria as clinical candidates and drugs, which again depend on the targeted therapeutic indication. ... 

Unfortunately the number of in silica modeling studies on brain membrane permeability is significantly smaller than for human intestinal absorption, resulting in a lack of consensus about how to assess brain penetration (both in vitro and in vivo) and the intrinsic difficulty of measuring this particular endpoint, which overall results in a low turnover of data generation that could be used to build in silica models [95, 96]. For this reason, the in silica models used to assess brain permeability in the discovery process focus normally on P-gp efflux and some measure of in vitro membrane permeability, methods which are reviewed in the next section. 

Engineering approaches for a chemical or biochemical process focus on the various ways to improve the economics of the overall system. This leads, among others, to formove an optimisation of reaction rates and yields. The question which arises now is to see if these objectives are compatible with or can improve the sustainability of the process. 

Pharmaceutical manufacturing operations are inefficient and costly. The cost of low efficiency is generally not understood or appreciated (e.g., manufacturing costs far exceed those for research and development operations). Low efficiency is predominantly due to self-imposed constraints in the system (e.g., static manufacturing processes, focus on testing as opposed to quality by design, approach to specifications based on discrete or the so called zero tolerance criteria, a less than optimal understanding of variability, etc.). These constraints keep the system in a corrective action mode. 

Change Control This process focuses on managing change to prevent unintended consequences. 

This section starts by reviewing the heritage of extracts before proceeding to look at the stages of a basic extraction process, focusing on what makes extracts... 

Rather than an in-depth technical description of the mechanics of extraction, this section presents briefly a typical infusion process, focusing on the factors that make extracts different from single-chemical components. Extracts by then nature are complex mixtures of (often) diverse active compounds contained within a plant matrix which are brought into solution by the extraction process. The aim of the extractor is to produce, over a period of time, batches of an extract meeting a customer s individual specification with as little variation as possible. There are parameters over which the extractor has some control, and these can be used to help achieve product consistency and also to fine-tune an extract to a particular customer s needs. 

The selection process focuses on various aspects of the outsource organization. 

Considering only production network design, Schmenner (1979) builds on the focused factory concept to develop four distinct multi-plant strategies. While he does not consider an international environment, the generic strategies developed for domestic networks are also applied to international production networks (cf. Kouvelis et al. 2004, p. 127). Based on a product/market or process focus Schmenner defines four plant types ... 

A plant contains all production units required to produce a certain intermediate or finished product. The relationship between a site s plants varies between two extremes. At integrated sites (Verbundstandorte) the plants cover certain steps of the overall production process and are closely linked by material flows. This can be seen as a "plant within a plant" concept based on a process focus. Integrated sites are especially common in production of commodity chemicals. For example, the new integrated site built by BASF in Nanjing, China, consists of a steam cracker producing among others ethylene and propylene. Nine other plants further process the substances. The overall investment to build the site was U.S. 2.9 billion.10... 

Product distribution focuses on middle distillates (Table 9-15 Figure 9-24) with the process focused as a resid processing unit and inserted into a refinery just downstream from the vacuum distillation unit. 

The presently used process focuses on the ammoxidation (ammonoxida-tion or oxyamination) of propylene that involves reaction of propylene, ammonia, and oxygen at 400 to 450°C and 7 to 29 psi (48 to 200 kPa) in a fluidized bed Bi203- Mn03 catalyst (Fig.l). 

Build on third -generation thinking but Business process focused on innovation rather than technology and product development. 

While many publications in the field of heat-integrated processes focus on specific processes such as dehydrogenation of paraffins or hydrogen production [3-5], this chapter is more focused on general conceptual trends in process and apparatus design. 

As will be shown throughout this book, quantum control of molecular dynamics has been applied to a wide variety of processes. Within the framework of chemical applications, control over reactive scattering has dominated. In particular, the two primary chemical processes focused upon are photodissociation, in which a molecule is irradiated and dissociates into various products, and bimolecular reactions, in which two molecules collide to produce new products. In this chapter we formulate fie quantum theory of photodissociation, that is, the light-induced breaking of a chemical bond. In doing so we provide an introduction to concepts essential for the 1 remainder of this book. The quantum theory of bimolecular collisions is also briefly ydiscussed. 

Risk evaluation in the assessment process focuses on weighing the health and environmental threats posed by an identified hazard. First, the possibility and probability that a person will actually experience an adverse effect as a result of the existence of the environmental hazard and exposure to it must be weighed and, secondly, the number of persons who might be exposed must be considered. 

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