Integration site

In each of these studies dozens of transgenic animals were made and characterized. This is necessary because there is considerable individual variability in phenotype, presumably because of different sized transgene concatemers and different chromosomal integration sites. In some foun-... 

Kulkarni A, Pavithra L, Rampalli S, Mogare D, Babu K, Shiekh G, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay S (2004) HIV-1 integration sites are flanked by potential MARs that alone can act as promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322(2) 672-677... 

Like MOZ, the HBOl coding region has been identified as a common retroviral integration site leading to myeloid leukemia and B/T cell lymphoma in mice (Suzuki et al., 2002). This observation suggests that its loss may lead to development of human cancer. 

Rohdewohld H., Weiher H., Reik W., Jaenisch R. and Breindl M. (1987) Retrovirus integration and chromatin structnre Moloney murine lenkemia proviral integration sites map near DNase Ehypersensitive sites. Journal of Virology 61, 336-343. 

Mooslehner K., Karls U. and Harbers K. (1990) Retroviral integration sites in transgenic Mov mice freqnently map in the vicinity of transcribed DNA regions. Journal of Virology 64, 3056-3058. 

Kustikova O.S., Baum G. and Fehse B. (2007) Retroviral integration site analysis in hematopoietic stem cells. Methods in Molecular Medicine, in press... 

A plant contains all production units required to produce a certain intermediate or finished product. The relationship between a site s plants varies between two extremes. At integrated sites (Verbundstandorte) the plants cover certain steps of the overall production process and are closely linked by material flows. This can be seen as a "plant within a plant" concept based on a process focus. Integrated sites are especially common in production of commodity chemicals. For example, the new integrated site built by BASF in Nanjing, China, consists of a steam cracker producing among others ethylene and propylene. Nine other plants further process the substances. The overall investment to build the site was U.S. 2.9 billion.10... 

Pronuclear injection Random, multiple copies in single integration site 1-100 (not controllable) Each founder is genetically unique Must breed multiple lines. Transgene expression and/or copy number may be unstable... 

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