Process control system Data Acquisition

The microcomputers (microcontrollers) are designed to be used in many dedicated systems, such as data- acquisition systems, process-control systems, data-processing systems, and remote-terminal control systems. There... 

The complete LDA system includes the appropriate transmission and detection optoelectronics, traverse mechanisms, computer-controlled signal processing, and a data acquisition and evaluation system. The LDA equipment is a powerful tool for the measurement of flow velocity and velocity fluctuation, as well as the local concentration of particles or droplets transported in the airflow. 

Control of the field occurs on two levels. The upper level Is the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system whose main responsibility is well flow rate control, well testing, production allocation, accounting and general field monitoring. The SCADA system is operated from the Main Operations Center (MOC) which is remote from all three GCs. The second level of control is process control in the individual GCs. Flow to the GCs Is normally controlled by the SCADA system (HOC operator), but the GC operator can override and control well flow rates in case of SCADA system failure or other unusual circumstances. The GC operator and the MOC operator communicate via a dedicated telephone connection. 

The original WOA supervisory control and data acquisition system was configured around the Honeywell HS4400 process computer. Two 4400s in dual redundant processor configuration were installed with automatic failover to the standby should the online unit fail. Each 4400 has 96K of 24-bit word magnetic core memory and a 1.3 million word drum. 

Stand-alone systems. Multiloop controllers) or programmable logic controllers (PLC) typically used to control part of a process, and larger supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems/distributed control systems (DCS) used to control the process or service as a whole (e.g., bulk primary production plant, building management systems). These self-contained systems are a component of an automated manu-... 

The control system of the freeze-drying unit provides control, monitoring and documentation of the process. Such a system must be reliable and comply with GM P and GAMP (Good Automation Manufacturing Practice) demands with respect to computer validation. It should be SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) compatible. A possible hardware architecture is shown in Figure 2.55.1. 

The term computer system can define any of the following desktop systems client or of the following desktop systems client or server systems automated process control and laboratory systems host-based systems data acquisition and analysis systems and all associated software. The associated software comprises application software or firmware, system software, and computer system supporting documentation. ... 

Control System Included in this classification are Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA), Distributed Control Systems (DCS), Statistical Process Control systems (SPC), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), intelligent electronic devices, and computer systems that control manufacturing equipment or receive data directly from manufacturing equipment PLCs. 

The fourth module is the control unit, consisting primarily of a state-of-the-art industry PC equipped with a suitable frame-grabber card for image frame acquisition, spectral and spatial real-time data evaluation and control of subsequent actuators or communication with process control systems. 

Optical Multichannel Analyzer System (OMA 2). The OMA 2 system consisted of a PARC Model 1215 console, two PARC Model 1254 SIT detectors, two PARC Model 1216 detector controllers, and a PARC Model 1217 flexible disc drive. The SIT detector is controlled by the 1216 detector controller, which provides both power and scanning voltages and processes the signal for transmission to the OMA 2 console. The OMA 2 console performs all necessary control functions, data acquisitions, data processing and storage of spectra. The system can store 250 (500 points) spectral curves when equipped with the Model 1217 flexible disc drive. 

A block diagram of the CW-NMRI system is presented in Fig. 10. The system is based around a 7T, 183 mm diameter horizontal bore superconducting magnet (Oxford Instruments, UK), with a computer (800 MHz PC) controlling certain elements of the system electronics via a GPIB IEEE 488 instrument bus and running the sequence control and data acquisition/processing software. A multifunction data... 

Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), Industrial PC systems, and Distributed Control Systems (DCS). Measurement and control systems and process management systems are often integrated together. Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a special case implementing nonintrusive process instrumentation. 

To monitor and control a tablet press, certain sensors must be installed at specific locations on the machine. These sensors are called transducers. In general, a transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another (e.g., force to voltage). Tablet press transducers typically measure applied force, turret speed, or punch position. Because the signals coming from such transducers are normally in millivolts, they need to be amplified and then converted to digital form in order to be processed by a data acquisition system. 

Computer Programs. The Finnigan 4021 computer system controls the data acquisition by changing the MID descriptors during the chromatographic run and provides the automatic data processing needed for qualitative and quantitative analysis. 

The vahdation of analytical methods that are based on arrays of sensors cannot rely on the traditional pharmaceutical approach. Many of the vahdation headings have no equivalent, and important steps, such as vahdation of software, are not explicitly included. The pharmaceutical industry does, however, have a model for vahdation that could be used in modern analytical chemistry, namely the vahdation of programmable logic controllers (PLC) [26] and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) [27] systems. This was the subject of a recent issue of the journal Measurement and Control [1]. Of importance is now the process of vahdation, which may be broken down into a number of steps (Fig. 1). 

Hence, computers allow the ready automation of laboratory processes such as data acquisition and treatment, result delivery and process control. This great potential is further Increased by the possibility of linking computers to one another (intelligent instruments) and by the use of workstations, expert systems and data banks, ail of which are commented on In some detail below. 

Thermal analysis of polymers was performed on DuPont Model 910 Differential Scanning Calorimeter and a Perkin Elmer Model TQS-2 Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer using a heating rate of 10°C/min. Both systems were interfaced to an Omnitherm Data Station for experiment control, and data acquisition and processing. 

As indicated in the process data acquisition and recording system (PDARS) block diagram that is typical of the process control systems at all sites (see Figure 2-4), plant devices are connected to PLCs via Allen Bradley series 1700 I/O modules. PLC-3s handle digital inputs PLC-5s handle analog inputs. The PLCs are interconnected by a Data High-... 

To date, process control systems like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have only enabled paperless operation in combination with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems or as part of a DCS (Distributed Control System), which enable measurement and control actions to be recorded and used as part of batch documentation. Process control systems have the advantage that they focus on real-time data as a necessary part of both control and supervision. The real-time focus is very useful for implementing both active and proactive control when combined with, for example, statistical tools or predictive algorithms. 

This experimental system consists of coal spontaneous combustion experiment platform, computer monitoring, control system, gas collection and analysis system as shown in Eigure 1. Coal spontaneous combustion experiment platform mainly includes air pump, coal sample reaction tank, oven, oil-gas separator, water tank, volumetric flowmeter etc. Computer monitoring and control system includes responsible for data acquisition, signal processing hardware system and the software of the experimental oven process control system. 

Computers are integral components of all modem mass spectrometer systems where they have two major functions instrument control (including data acquisition) and data handling. Dedicated computers control most instrument operation functions, ranging from relatively simple parameters, such as tuning and calibration, to more complex decision-making processes required during data acquisition. 

---