Probability and Possibility

Proven, Probable, and Possible Reserves and Associated Probabilities... 

In the SPE/WPC scheme, reserves are classified according to the probability with which they can be produced into proved , probable and possible reserves. Under these definitions, proved reserves are those with a probability of at least 90% (P90) that the estimated volumes can be produced profitably proved plus probable reserves are required to have at least 50% probability (P50), while proved plus probable plus possible reserves are based on a probability of at least 10% (P10). 

Class 2A and 2B animal carcinogens and probable and possible human carcinogens, respectively. A note of caution is appropriate, however, regarding differences in the classification schemes. For example, the EPA classifications for BaP and BbF are both B2, sufficient evidence from animal studies. ... 

Boyer, P. D. (1993). The binding change mechanism for ATP synthase Some probabilities and possibilities. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1140, 215-250. 

Because neuropathological confirmation is required for the diagnosis of definite AD, only diagnosis of probable and possible AD can be made in living patients... 

The hydrogen lost during their formation apparently goes into chain termination, i.e., the formation of isobutane most probably and possibly some propane when propylene is present In alkylation feed. HF alkylation has found no benefit from having acid-soluble oils present in the catalyst. When they are present in amounts greater than about one weight percent, they have a detrimental effect on alkylate quality and yield. 

One TPH compound (benzene) has been shown to cause cancer (leukemia) in people. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that benzene is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1 classification). Some other TPH compounds or petroleum products, such as benzo(a)pyrene and gasoline, are considered to be probably and possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Groups 2A and 2B, respectively) based on cancer studies in people and animals. Most of the other TPH compounds and products are considered not classifiable (Group 3) by IARC. See Chapter 6 for more information on how TPH can affect your body. 

What is the difference between probability and possibility theory, and which methods represent the two particular approaches ... 

At the end of Chapter 2, tentative suggestions were made about how best to measure the dependability of information. We can now return to this problem in the light of the theoretical discussion of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, the measures of probability and possibility and their use in the examples, particularly in the last section. 

Figure 6 - Evolution of Lead and Zinc Mine Supply Including Probable and Possible Projects...

P.D. Boyer, The Binding Change Mechanism for ATP Synthase—Some Probabilities and Possibilities. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1140, 215-250, 1993. 

In the hybrid approach, probability and possibility distributions on the failure rates of the basic events are combined to yield lower and upper probability distributions, respectively. Hence the limiting cumulative distributions for q resulting from the hybrid approach can be used to derive a lower and an upper value of the probability that the top event probability (chance) lies in an interval, say [0, ]. For example, for the fault tree studied we find that 5e/( < 10 ) = 0.2142 and Pl q < 10 ) = 0.6079. Thus, it can only be said that the probability P q < 10 ) is in the interval [0.2142,0.6079]. In this paper, we consider percentiles obtained from the two limiting cumulative distributions, say 695 ° " = 0.0476 and = 0.0390. 

It is important for the safety manager to note that probability and possibility are two different concepts. Possibility determines whether or not an event can occur probability is the likelihood or chance that it will One can determine probabilities for events or occurrences and one can determine probabilities for analysis outcomes. To determine probabilities of events, the safety manager determines the likelihood that it will occur. 

Drug-drug iuteractions Calcium salts A previous warning from the FDA that ceftriaxone and intravenous calcium products should not be co-administered to any patient to prevent precipitation leading to end-organ damage [SEDA-33, 494] was retracted in April 2009. In a search of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System for reports of ceftriaxone-calcium interactions that resulted in serious adverse events, with ceftazidime-calcium as a comparator, 104 and 99 events respectively were identified [23 ]. For ceftriaxone-calcium-related adverse events, 7.7% and 20% were classified as probable and possible respectively for embolism. Ceftazidime-calcium resulted in fewer probable embolic events (4%) but more possible embolic events (30%). The authors claimed that their analysis supported the revised FDA recommendation that patients over 28 days old may receive ceftriaxone and calcium sequentially. This has been supported by the results of a matched cohort study in 142 patients who were exposed to the combination of ceftriaxone and intravenous calcium and in whom mortality and other adverse outcomes were not increased... 

ABSTRACT The paper proposes an alternative approach to the failure risk analysis of water supply network which includes random emergency events inaccuracy, diversity and a small amount of data. The presented method is based on the so-called theory of facts (Shafer) based on the concept of inaccurate probabilities and possibilities (Zadech), which combines the so-called distribution capabilities of the belonging function of fuzzy set. The main aim of this paper is to present the concept of failure risk analysis of water supply network. The proposed model was used for failure risk analysis of water supply system serving 63 thousand people in the east of Poland. 

We see that the Geometric Test outperforms the other two tests for all combinations of probability vectors for sample sizes of 5 and 10. Beyond a sample size of 10 the Fisher Test, in particular, typically out-performs the Geometric Test. However, in this paper we are interested in situations where we have small probabilities and possibly few data and the in this case the Geometric Test give an improvement, albeit small, over the other two tests. When combined with its superior Type I error probabilities for the trinomial distribution with low probability events and this new Geomet-... 

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