Outcome analysis

When the analysis is based on a continuous outcome there is commonly the choice of whether to use the raw outcome variable or the change from baseline as the primary endpoint. Whichever of these endpoints is chosen, the baseline value should be included as a covariate in the primary analysis. The use of change from baseline without adjusting for baseline does not generally constitute an appropriate covariate adjustment. Note that when the baseline is included as a covariate in the model, the estimated treatment effects are identical for both change from baseline and the raw outcome analysis. ... 

Do the outcome analysis by classical and Yates processing. The measurement results are in Table 2.105. 

The primary outcome analysis was a series of one-tailed paired t-tests to compare each subject s placebo measurement to his or her treatment measurement at... 

Kuhn H, Seggewiss H, Gietzen FH, et al. Catheter-based therapy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. First in-hospital outcome analysis of the German TASH Registry. Z Kardiol 2004 93 23-3 I. 

Lee MW, Pang KY, Ho WW et al. (2003). Outcome analysis of intraventricular thrombolytic therapy for intraventricular haemorrhage. Hong Kong Medical Journal 9 335-340... 

Wilt VM, Gums JG, Ahmed Ol, Moore LM. Outcome analysis of a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation service. Pharmacotherapy 1995 15 732-739. 

Shakil, A.O., Kramer, D., Mazariegos, G.V., Fung, XX, Rakela, X Acute liver failure clinical features, outcome analysis, and applicability of prognostic criteria. Liver Transplant. 2000 6 163-169... 

Often it is not clear which procedure offers the best information in a specific setting, which procedure is the most cost effective, or which sequence of procedures offers the most efficient route to the solution of a problem. How does one combine a testing result or testing information with previously obtained information Addressing these questions, this chapter focuses on how to quantify the diagnostic information content of a test or groups of tests and then on how to compare the results with those of other tests. Finally, the cost effectiveness of a test is discussed in the context of outcomes analysis. 

Each article was assessed for the type of evaluation and categorized (Table 1). Two factors were considered in determining the type of evaluation the presence of two or more alternatives, and the consideration of both input (costs) and outcomes. Evaluations that included two or more alternatives (i.e., concurrent control group, historical control, preintervention and postintervention design) were considered true analyses, whereas those that did not include a comparison were labeled descriptions. A description of the type of analysis was assigned to the evaluation and included the options of cost or outcome description, cost or outcome analysis, cost and outcome description, and true clinical economic evaluation. Those articles considered true clinical economic evaluations were subcategorized by type, options including cost-minimization analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-utility analysis. 

Yes Cost analysis or outcome analysis True clinical economic analysis Subcategories Cost-minimization analysis Cost-benefit analysis Cost-effectiveness analysis Cost-utility analysis... 

Butler, C.D. Practical approaches to meaningful outcomes analysis. ASHP Home Care Meet. 1995, 2, HC-24, Aug. 

The question then arises as to why to bother with a physician in the first place. Diagnostic packages are readily available, and uninsured people (and over 50 million Americans lack full medical insurance) might well opt for a visit to their local internet cafe, where they could obtain diagnosis and prescription, also via the internet, for perhaps a tenth of what a physician would charge. Perhaps the pharmaceutical would come from a pirate source, but there is still a question as to whether this low grade treatment is better than no treatment at all. The above example is an extreme one, but outcomes analysis is here to stay, and medical autonomy is certain to decrease as physicians are squeezed between the empowerment of their clients and the demands of their paymasters. 

MacKinnon NJ, Nickerson A, Roberts N, SauInierL. Outcomes analysis of a pharmacist-directed seamless care service (abstract). J Can Geriatr Soc 2002 5 119-120. 

Burstein HJ, Harris LN, Marcom PK, et al. Trastuzumab and vinorelbine as first-line therapy for HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer multicenter phase II trial with clinical outcomes, analysis of serum tumor markers as predictive factors, and cardiac surveillance algorithm. J Clin Oncol 2003 21 2889-2895. 

The following list provides typical clinical support applications that can be integrated with the health informatics solution for decision support and outcome analysis. The applications that exist throughout the regional health authority jurisdictions can be categorized as follows ... 

OMO (observational medical outcome) A parameter obtained from a patient record of which an adverse drug reaction (q.v.) is of particular, but not sole, interest. Usually OMOs are collected from many patient records and used in outcome analysis (q.v.). 

Outcomes analysis Analysis of the relationship between therapies given to many patients and the responses to, i.e. consequences, of them. An important aspect of EBM (q.v.). 

Anyone interested in finding out more about pharmacoeconomics and outcome analysis should see Bootman,... 

Fuhrer, M.J. 1987. Rehabilitation Outcomes Analysis and Measurement Baltimore, MD, Brookes. 

Hamilton, B.B., Granger, C.V., Sherwin, F.S. et al. 1987. A uniform national data system for medical rehabilitation. In M.J. Fuhrer (Ed.), Rehabilitation Outcomes Analysis and Measurement, pp. 137-... 

Cost-outcome analysis Determines the net cost of an intervention relative to its health effect... 

Morgan TO, Westney OI, McGuire FJ. Pubovaginal sling 4-year outcome analysis and quality of life assessment. J Urol 2000 163(6) 1845-8. 

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