Water primary, calculation

After removal of the solid, titration of the filtrate and washings required 2.81 mL of 0.04124 M KSCN. Calculate the average number of milligrams of saccharin (205.17 g/mol) in each tablet. 13-24. (a) A 0.1752-g sample of primary standard AgN03 was dissolved in 502.3 g of distilled water. Calculate the weight molarity of Ag in this solution. 

In the ps.xls calculation, the possibility of simulating heat exchange with steam generator water has not been used indeed, since the depressurization is rather slow and the primary system is always nearly filled up with steam-water mixture, it is believed that the pressure behaviour can be simulated using the assumption that all the steam generator water and the primary water will be mixed together. In order to implement this model, the initial mass of water has been assumed equal to that of the primary system (210 000 kg) plus that of the steam generators (80 000 kg). Consequently, the volume of the system has been adjusted on the initial assumption that all the water is in a liquid state. 

The calculations performed for SCOR show that all transients could be adequately managed in a passive way (in the vessel, in the RRP loop, and in the heat sink) with only 4 out of 16 RRP loops, whatever the heat sink pool or air-cooling tower. This represents a redundancy of 16 times 25%. The RRP operation is compatible with an active or passive mode whatever the primary pressure or temperature. Since the in-vessel heat exchangers of the RRP loop are located very close to the core, and thanks to the flow bypass of the venturi, the RRPs are operational in a two-phase flow mode in case of a small primary water inventory. Long term cooling may be ensured in a totally passive mode thanks to the RRP with air-cooling tower. 

Analysis of published data obtained from conventional recirculating Installations, closed water loop experiments, etc., indicated that little net release of corrosion products would occur in the primary circuit itself and that the major contribution to impurities In the primary water would be derived from the feedtrain. The objectives, then, were to clean-up the condensate return at a point as high up the feedtrain as possible and to clean-up those impurities which reached and concentrated in the primary circuit. Calculations indicated that a satisfactory primary water quality could be obtained if condensate clean-up was effected just prior to the deaerator, and a primary circuit clean-up rate of 50,000 Ib/h (total condensate flow 1.2x10° Ib/h) was employed. 

Once the composition of each equiHbrium phase is known, infinite dilution activity coefficients for a third component ia each phase can then be calculated. The octanol—water partition coefficient is directly proportional to the ratio of the infinite dilution activity coefficients for a third component distributed between the water-rich and octanol-rich phases (5,24). The primary drawback to the activity coefficient approach to estimation is the difficulty of the calculations involved, particularly when the activity coefficient model is complex. 

The primary source of noncondensable gases usually is air dissolved in the condenser water. Figure 11-126 shows the dissolved-gas content of fresh water and seawater, calculated as equivalent air. The... 

Two primary settling basins are each 100 ft in diameter with an 8-ft side water depth. The tanks are equipped with single effluent weirs located on the peripheries. For a water flow of 10 mgd, calculate the overflow rate, gpd/ft, detention time, hr, and weir loading, gpd/ft. The overflow rate for a clarifier... 

That is, the reaction of primary alcohols or ethers with a calculated amount of BTMA Br3 in carbon tetrachloride-water in the presence of Na2HP04 at 60°C gave dimeric esters in good yields. In the case of benzyl alcohol, the only oxidation product was benzaldehyde (Fig. 20). 

There is evidence, both experimental and theoretical, that there are intermediates in at least some Sn2 reactions in the gas phase, in charge type I reactions, where a negative ion nucleophile attacks a neutral substrate. Two energy minima, one before and one after the transition state, appear in the reaction coordinate (Fig. 10.1). The energy surface for the Sn2 Menshutkin reaction (p. 499) has been examined and it was shown that charge separation was promoted by the solvent.An ab initio study of the Sn2 reaction at primary and secondary carbon centers has looked at the energy barrier (at the transition state) to the reaction. These minima correspond to unsymmetrical ion-dipole complexes. Theoretical calculations also show such minima in certain solvents, (e.g., DMF), but not in water. "... 

Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of net osmoticum deposition rate per mm root length in the apical 10 mm of maize primary roots growing at various vermiculite water contents (see Fig. 3). The data were computed from distributions of growth rate and osmotic potential (Fig. 4), as described by Silk et al. (1986). The inset shows the total osmoticum deposition rate in the apical 9 mm for the different treatments, calculated by integrating the rates over distance. Modified from Sharp et al. (1989).

For these reasons, it is desirable to perform a series of simple calculations to determine if the field capacity for a given depth of soil is ever exceeded, rather than simply overlaying water inputs over plots of residue data. The following series of calculations addresses the primary issue of whether sufficient water was applied to the test system at appropriate intervals to create leaching opportunities ... 

Differences in integration time scales may also affect our perception of key derived parameters such as the ThE ratio (Cochran et al. 2000). This ratio (see above) compares the POC flux derived from water column " Th profiles (and thus integrating into the past) with present primary production. As classically measured using incubation techniques, primary production is an instantaneous measurement representing the phytoplankton community as sampled at a single time. Under bloom conditions, the export of POC may lag the production of fresh organic matter and ThE ratios calculated late in a bloom may be overestimates. 

Fig. 4.1.13 Calculated and measured water saturation profiles for a multi-rate primary drainage experiment on the Texas Cream limestone sample. Starting from the upper left, profiles correspond to times of 12, 22, 238, 500 and 696 min. (Reprinted with permission for [34]).

Another procedure for calculating the W value has been developed by La Verne and Mozumder (1992) and applied to electron and proton irradiation of gaseous water. Considering a small section Ax of an electron track, the energy loss of the primary electron is S(E) Ax, where S(E) is the stopping power at electron energy E. The average number of primary ionizations produced over Ax is No. Ax where o. is the total ionization cross section and N is the number density of molecules. Thus, the W value for primary ionization is 0)p = S(E)/No.(E). If the differential ionization cross section for the production... 

It is desirable to calculate new bulk phase Z values for the four primary media which include the contribution of dispersed phases within each medium as described by Mackay and Paterson (1991) and as listed earlier. The air is now treated as an air-aerosol mixture, water as water plus suspended particles and fish, soil as solids, air and water, and sediment as solids and porewater. The Z values thus differ from the Level I and Level II pure phase values. The necessity of introducing this complication arises from the fact that much of the intermedia transport of the chemicals occurs in association with the movement of chemical in these dispersed phases. To accommodate this change the same volumes of the soil solids and sediment solids are retained, but the total phase volumes are increased. These Level III volumes are also given in Table 1.5.2. The reaction and advection D values employ the generally smaller bulk phase Z values but the same residence times thus the G values are increased and the D values are generally larger. 

The Level I calculation suggests that if 100,000 kg (100 tonnes) of benzene are introduced into the 100,000 km2 environment, 99% will partition into air at a concentration of 9.9 x 10-7 g/m3 or about 1 pg/rn3. The water will contain nearly 1% at a low concentration of 4 pg/rn3 or equivalently 4 ng/L. Soils would contain 5 x 10-6 pg/g and sediments about 9.7 x 10 6 pg/g. These values would normally be undetectable as a result of the very low tendency of benzene to sorb to organic matter in these media. The fugacity is calculated to be 3.14 x 10-5 Pa. The dimensionless soil-water and sediment-water partition coefficients or ratios of Z values are 2.6 and 5.3 as a result of a Koc of about 55 and a few percent organic carbon in these media. There is little evidence of bioconcentration with a very low fish concentration of 3.0 x FT5 pg/g. The pie chart in Figure 1.7.6 clearly shows that air is the primary medium of accumulation. 

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