Fish oil concentration

Lipase (Aspergillus niger var.) Produced as an off white to tan, amorphous powder by controlled fermentation using Aspergillus niger var. Soluble in water (the solution is usually light yellow), but practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principle lipase. Typical application used in the hydrolysis of lipids (e.g., fish oil concentrates and cereal-derived lipids). 

Lipids (Fish oils concentration, cholesterol extraction from animal fats)... 

Flaten, H., Hostmark, A.T., Kierulf, P, Lystad, E., Trygg, K., Bjerkedal,T., and Osland, A. (1990) Fish-Oil Concentrate Effects on Variables Related to Cardiovascular Disease, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52,300-306. 

Sebedio, J.-L. and De Rasilly, A. (1993) Analysis of cyclic fatty acids in fish oil concentrates, in Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Lipid Symposium, Imatra, Finland, pp. 212-16. 

Demke DM, Peters OR, Linet Ol, Metzler CM, Klott KA (1987) The effects of fish oil concentrate, Maxepa, in patients with hypercholesterinemia. 2nd Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy international symposium, Oct 18-22, San Francisco... 

Apphcations include ka olin clay dewatering, separation of fish oils from press Hquor, starch and gluten concentration, clarification of wet-process phosphoric acid, tar sands, and concentrations of yeast, bacteria, and fungi from growth media in protein synthesis (14). 

Fats and Oils. Fats and oils (6) are traditionally sulfated using concentrated sulfuric acid. These are produced by the sulfation of hydroxyl groups and/or double bonds on the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride. Reactions across a double bond are very fast, whereas sulfation of the hydroxyl group is much slower. Yet 12-hydroxyoleic acid sulfates almost exclusively at the hydroxyl group. The product is generally a complex mixture of sulfated di-and monoglycerides, and even free fatty acids. Other feeds are castor oil, fish oil, tallow, and sperm oil. 

CRMs for Contaminants in Environmental Matrices For nearly two decades NIST has been involved in the development of SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides in natural environmental matrices such as fossil fuels (Hertz et al.1980 Kline et al. 1985), air and diesel particulate material (May and Wise 1984 Wise et al. 2000), coal tar (Wise et al. 1988a), sediment (Schantz et al. 1990, 1995a Wise et al. 1995), mussel tissue (Wise et al. 1991 Schantz et al. 1997a), fish oil, and whale blubber (Schantz et al. 1995b). Several papers have reviewed and summarized the development of these environmental matrix SRMs (Wise et al. 1988b Wise 1993 Wise and Schantz 1997 Wise et al. 2000). Seventeen natural matrix SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants are currently available from NIST with certified and reference concentrations primarily for PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofiirans (PCDFs) see Table 3.11. 

Lovaza (omega-3-acid ethyl esters) is a prescription form of concentrated fish oil EPA 465 mg and docosahexaenoic acid 375 mg. The daily dose is 4 g/day, which can be taken as four 1-g capsules once daily or two 1-g capsules twice daily. This product lowers triglycerides by 14% to 30% and raises HDL by about 10%. 

As it can be seen from Table 1 the biggest loses of protein and fat are observed in fish oil and fish meal production. In wastewater the concentration of protein and fat can reach 2.6% and 4%, respectively. 

A6, B24, M17). Cholesterol feeding is known to increase apo-B100 and LDL concentrations considerably apparently without changing Lp(a) and apo(a) levels. Only diets enriched in fish oils have been reported to lower plasma Lp(a) concentrations (D7, G25, H10, M23, N4), probably as result of a reduced apo-Blon synthesis and therefore reduced hepatic Lp(a) synthesis. 

D7. Dallongeville, J., Selinger, E., Davigon, J., and Lussier-Cacan, S., Fish-oil supplementation reduces Lp(a) concentrations in type III dysbetalipoproteinemia. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem. NC) 38, 1510-1511 (1992). 

This disorder is characterised by inappropriate levels of activity, a high frequency of periods of frustration and distraction and hence inability to sustain attention and to concentrate on one activity for a prolonged period of time. A surprising finding is that amphetamine administration, which normally increases or facilitates activity, rapidly and markedly improves behaviour. Patients become calm and their alertness is enhanced. A drug that has been used is methylphenidate (Ritalin). One interesting and recent development is the improvement in the condition by supplementation of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly the omega-3 acids in fish oils (See Chapter 11). 

Solubilization of fish protein concentrates, recover oil or meat scraps from inedible parts Waste product conversion to feed, digestive aid... 

It has been shown that fish oil can not only suppress proinflammatory mediators but also can increase the anti-inflammatory ones such as adiponectin (Duda et al., 2009 Kalupahana et al., 2010b). Increased adipo-nectin levels can reduce inflammation and beneficially improve the metabolism. Specifically, the increased levels of adiponectin can significantly reduce the insulin resistance. Oster et al. (2010) showed that DHA increases cellular adiponectin mRNA and secreted adiponectin protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, possibly by a mechanism involving PPARy. A recent dietary intervention study conducted on healthy Japanese female subjects by Kondo et al. (2010) showed that a fish-based diet intervention increased the serum adiponectin concentration in young, nonobese, healthy Japanese female subjects. Also, the same study indicated that the increment in serum -3 PUFA may regulate the serum adiponectin concentration (Kondo et al., 2010). 

Figure 2.3 Scanning electron micrographs of fish oil microcapsules which were microencapsulated with different concentrations of sugar beet pectin (A and D 1.1% B and C 2.2%) and different oil loads (A and C 50% B and D 20%). Reproduced from Dmsch (2007) with permission.

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