Primaiy factors

Both primary factors and lesser secondary factors affect our sense of satisfac tion with the thermal environment. The primaiy factors have significant reproducible effects and directly affect heat transfer and the occupant s thermal state, Secondar factors that may affect one s sense of satisfaction with a space are conditions such as color and ambiance, local climate, age, physical fitness, sound, food, and illness. These secondary factors have smaller to negligible effects on one s thermal state and will not be discussed here, but such information is available. ... 

Understanding transport begins with the three primaiy factors that affect the mixing action of the atmosphere radiation from the sun and its effect at the surface of the earth, rotation of the earth, and the terrain or topography and the nature of the surface itself. These factors are the subjects of basic meteorology. 

Severe disability was a usual outcome for ALS patients who used LTMV for two to five years or more. Although suctioning of the tracheostomy increased the burden and intensity of home care (2), most family caregivers reported that slow communication and immobility were the primaiy factors in the burden of care, rather than caring for the tracheostomy. 

The diurnal variations in mean hourly average oxidant concentration are illustrated in Figures 4-26 and 4-27. Several factors influence the shapes of these curves. The primaiy influence is that of sunlight intensity, inasmuch as photons in the ultraviolet are responsible for the primary photochemical process that leads to ozone formation. Note that the St. 

S. M. Scholl, C. Pallud, F. Beuvon, K. Hacene, E. R. Stanley, L. Rohrschneider, R. Tang, P. Pouillart, and R. Lidereau, Anti-colony-stimulating factor-1 antibody staining in primaiy breast adenocarcinomas correlates with marked inflammatory cell infdtrates and prognosis, J.Natl. Cancer Inst. 86(2), 120-126 (1994). 

Abstraction of the secondaiy hydrogen atom is more exothermic than abstraction of the primary hydrogen atom, for the related reasons that (1) secondary C-H bonds are weaker than primary ones and (2) secondary radicals are more stable than primaiy ones. So, we get more 2-chloropropane than l-chloropropane. But in this case, that isn t the only factor involved remember that there are six primaiy hydrogen atoms and only two secondary ones, so the relative reactivity of the primaiy and secondaiy positions is even more different than the simple ratio of products from the reaction suggests. This statistical factor is more evident in the second example we gave above, the chlorination of iso butane. Now the choice is between formation of a tertiaiy radical and formation of a primary one. 

Photolysis of diazirine in the presence of a large excess of propane yielded n- and isobutane and in the presence of n-butane yielded n- and isopentane. From the relative rates of attack on the primaiy and secondary carbon-hydrogen bonds in these compounds, it was concluded that methylene derived from diazirine showed approximately the same discrimination as methylene formed by the photolysis of ketene. The results obtained, using methylene derived from the photolysis of diazomethane, gave a product ratio closer to the simple statistical ratio of the number of carbon-hydrogen bonds without correction factors for the type involved and indicated almost no differentiation between the types. 

Figure 20.2. Proposed patliogenesis in acute motor axonal neuropatliy (AM AN) In AM AN tliere is primaiy axonal injury witliout T-cell inflammation and demyelination. Deposition of autoantibodies and complement on tlie axolemma is followed by sti uctural axonal injui y or alteration of axon conduction. Macrophages witliin die periaxonal space contribute to die axonal damage (B B-cell MO Macrophage, C5b-9 complement factors).

Nottet HS, Jett M, Ranagan CR, Zliai QH, Persidsky Y, Rizzino A, Bern ton EW, Genis P, Baldwin T, Schwai tz J, et al. (1995) A regulatory role for asti ocytes in HIV-1 encephalitis. An overexpression of eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by activated HIV-1-infected monocytes is attenuated by primaiy human asti ocytes. J Immunol 154 3567—3581. 

Cycloalkylations with primaiy and secondary phenylalkyl chlorides are often accompanied by rearrangements. The ease of formation of a six-membered ring (tetralin derivative) is much greater than that of a five-membered ring (indane derivative), based on entropy and strain factors. Khalaf and Roberts have performed stereochemical studies on cycloalkylation reactions to determine the effect of stereochemistry and steric factors in the formation of six-membered rings. 

The general properties of the significantly covalent behavior of metal alkoxides (both homo- and heterometallic), in spite of the polar character of the M5+—O5- bond, were already dealt with in some detail (6). The effect of steric and inductive factors on the extent of polarization of the M6+—O5- bond as well as the consequent degree of association and volatility can be exemplified by the boiling points (under 1-mm pressure) and the observed degrees of their association (given in parentheses) by the three isomeric butoxides of zirconium Zr(0-n-Bu)4 ( 250°C 3.5) Zr(0-sec-Bu)4 ( 150°C 2.0 Zr(0-/-Bu)4 ( 50°C 1.0). However, the similarities in the molecular association of the neopentyloxides of Ti, Zr, and A1 to the secondary rather than primaiy amy-loxides have been adduced to indicate the higher predominance of steric rather than inductive factors in the above directions. Similarly, the insolubility and... 

The higher fuel temperatures under normal operating conditions compared with the electricity generating variant result in a higher fission product contamination of the primaiy circuit outside the active core, a factor of 3 for iodine and a factor of 4 for cesium. In the case of a depressurization through a large leak, it is the dust-borae cesium and... 

Diet Dietary measures are the first method of management and may be sufficient to reduce lipoprotein levels to a safe range. Cholesterol and saturated fats are the primaiy dietary factors that contribute to elevated levels of plasma Upoproteins. Diets are designed to reduce the total intake of these substances. Alcohol intake raises triglyceride and VLDL levels. 

It is the control of the reactivity of this carbamate anion which has allowed us to generate in quantitative yields either urethanes or isocyanates directly. By understanding those factors which promote the nucleophilicity of the carbamate oxygen, we have discovered how to generate urethanes directly from either primaiy or secondary amines (Activated Carbon Dioxide Chemistry-I (ACDC-I) (12, 13, 15-18). A key aspect of this chemistry was our discovery that carbamate anions can serve as excellent nucleophiles, when a suitable tertiary amine base is utilized to generate the carbamate anion in the reaction of carbon dioxide with a primary or secondary amine (equation 4). By proper choice of the tertiary amine co-base, which in general does not react with CO2 under the mild conditions employed. 

Primaiy- event Failure rate X in 10 h Error factor K95 Time interval between functional tests 9 in h Unavailability u according to Eq. (9.90)... 

Why should this be the case It is true that the primaiy site is less hindered, but there is a factor that is even more dominant than steric hindrance. That factor is an electronic effect. A proton-ated epoxide is positively charged, and the positively charged oxygen atom withdraws electron density from the two carbon atoms of the epoxide. 

A critical factor in the design and development of a liquid coating is the dispersion of the colored and extender pigments in the vehicle. In order to provide a imiform film with the desired surface characteristics, the agglomerates of the primaiy and extender pigments must be broken down by mechanical shear into finely divided partieles coated with the vehicle or binder. 

The ABCDE system used in advanced trauma life support remains a useful structure for both primaiy and secondary surveys in cases of toxic trauma, but certain factors in the acronym may have determining effects on the others. 

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