Negligible effect

In the phase equilibrium between a pure solid (or a liquid) and its vapour, the addition of other gases, as long as they are insoluble in the solid or liquid, has negligible effect on the partial pressure of the vapour. 

Alkyl substituents have a negligible effect on acidity ... 

Electron releasing substituents attached to the ring have a negligible effect on the acidity of phenols Strongly electron withdrawing groups increase the acidity The compound 4 nitro 3 (tnfluoromethyl)phenol for example is 10 000 times more acidic than phenol... 

This mode of termination produces a negligible effect on the molecular weight of the reacting species, but it does produce a terminal unsaturation in one of the dead polymer molecules. Each polymer molecule contains one initiator fragment when termination occurs by disproportionation. 

Prolonged heating of the PVA solution has negligible effect on its properties. However, the addition of strong acid or base to solutions of partially hydroly2ed PVA can increase the degree of hydrolysis. 

The negligible effect of frequency on dielectric constant and power factor from 60 to 10 Hz is particular interest. It should, however, be noted that at 10 Hz the power factor may increase about four-fold. 

In a packed column, however, the situation is quite different and more complicated. Only point contact is made between particles and, consequently, the film of stationary phase is largely discontinuous. It follows that, as solute transfer between particles can only take place at the points of contact, diffusion will be severely impeded. In practice the throttling effect of the limited contact area between particles renders the dispersion due to diffusion in the stationary phase insignificant. This is true even in packed LC columns where the solute diffusivity in both phases are of the same order of magnitude. The negligible effect of dispersion due to diffusion in the stationary phase is also supported by experimental evidence which will be included later in the chapter. 

Both primary factors and lesser secondary factors affect our sense of satisfac tion with the thermal environment. The primaiy factors have significant reproducible effects and directly affect heat transfer and the occupant s thermal state, Secondar factors that may affect one s sense of satisfaction with a space are conditions such as color and ambiance, local climate, age, physical fitness, sound, food, and illness. These secondary factors have smaller to negligible effects on one s thermal state and will not be discussed here, but such information is available. ... 

The assumptions that the exhaust flow has a negligible effect and that the offset jet can be treated as an equivalent wall jet were tested by Robinson and Ingham - and found to be reasonable over the majority of the surface of the tank, except close to the jet nozzle and exhaust hood. Far from the surface of the tank, the exhaust flow has a more noticeable effect. 

Many studies have shown that surface pretreatment of Fe-Cr alloys has a strong effect on the scale morphology and subsequent oxidation rate For instance, Caplan indicated that several Fe-Cr alloys show improvement in the corrosion resistance due to cold work, with greater than 16% Cr required to show the optimum benefit. Khanna and Gnanamoorthy examined the effect of cold work on 2.25%Cr-l%Mo steels at temperatures between 400°C and 950°C over 4h in 1 atm O2. They found that up to 90% reduction by cold rolling had a negligible effect on the oxidation rate up to 700°C. However, above 700°C there was a general reduction in the kinetics... 

The Langmuir adsorption isotherm for radioligand binding [A ] to a receptor to form a radioligand-receptor complex [A R] can be rewritten in terms of one where it is not assumed that receptor binding produces a negligible effect on the free concentration of ligand ([A free]) ... 

If chains are long such that the initiation and termination reactions have a negligible effect on the average sequence distribution, then according to the terminal model, PAA, the probability that a chain ending in monomer unit MA adds another unit MA, is given by eq. 22 8... 

Sulfamic acid (HOS02NH2). Clean at only 120 °F (49 °C) for cast iron and up to 140 °F for marstenitic SS (60 °C). It is not suitable for galvanizing or aluminum over 150 °F, but it is suitable for copper, brass, and SS. Sulfamic acid tends to be used only in small systems because of its relatively high cost. It is a ciystalline solid and so is easily transported. Additionally, in the diy form it is relatively safe and has a negligible effect on skin. Typically, it is used at 10% strength, and when 5% sodium chloride is added, it is reasonably successful at dissolving ferric oxide. 

Consider a fluid flowing between two sections, 1 and 2 (Figure 6.12), which are sufficiently close for friction losses to be negligible between the two sections they are a sufficient distance apart, however, for the presence of a small surface at right angles to the direction of flow at section 2 to have negligible effect on the pressure at section 1. These conditions are normally met if the distance between the sections is one pipe diameter. 

From the earliest days of radiation chemistry it has been known that acetylene polymerizes to a cuprene-like ( alprene ) solid (5, 6,25,28). The characteristics of the polymerization—e.g., lack of effect of temperature, doso rate, and pressure on polymer yield and negligible effect of radical scavengers—led Lind (24) to postulate an ion cluster mechanism. 

Comparing this equation with Equation (8.34) shows that 3At/Y is the flat-plate counterpart of aAII - We thus seek a value for t/T below which diffusion has a negligible effect on the yield of a first-order reaction. 

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