Prevalence studies

The quality of life experienced by people with MCS is shaped, to a great extent, by the level of awareness of environmental health issues where they live and work. Some are recipients of workplace accommodations in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act others are harassed and ostracized at work, or fired from their jobs. Some disabled by chemical exposures in the workplace receive workers compensation the majority of chemical-illness claims are denied. Some cities, schools and other institutions have adopted fragrance-free policies and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs to reduce chemical barriers and dangers in public places others still resist despite all the prevalence studies and research indicating that MCS is a serious threat to public health. 

As a result of that we got involved with the state s Department of Education to produce an MCS awareness brochure that went out to all the school administrators. That work led to invitations to four pesticide conferences, and to the opportunity to work on drafting regulations for pesticide notification. We also got involved with the Department of Health and participated in an MCS prevalence study working group. One of the outcomes of that was the inclusion of questions regarding chemical sensitivity on a statewide survey. That study revealed that sixteen percent of the population in New Mexico... 

Walsh TR, Weeks J, Livermore DM et al (2011) Dissemination of NDM-1 positive bacteria in the New Delhi environment and its implications for human health an environmental point prevalence study. Lancet Infect Dis ll(5) 355-362... 

Tsai SP, Cowles SR, Lynne-Tackett D, et al Morbidity prevalance study of workers with potential exposure to epichlorhydrin. BrJ Ind Med 47 392-399, 1990... 

Kark, J. D., Y. Friedlander, N. A. Kaufmann, and Y. Stein. Coffee, tea, and plasma cholesterol the Jerusalem lipid research clinic prevalence study. CA247 BrMedJ 1985 291(6497) 699-701. Aeschbacher, H. U., E. Ruch, H. 

Burd, L., Kerbeshian, L., Wikenheiser, M., and Fisher, W. (1986b) A prevalence study of Gilles de la Tourette s syndrome in North Dakota school-age children./ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 25 552-553. 

Burd, L., Fisher, W, and Kerbeshian, J. (1987) A prevalence study of pervasive developmental disorders in North Dakota. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26 704-710. 

Smail P, Stockwell T, Canter S, et al. Alcohol dependence and phobic anxiety states I. A prevalence study. Br J Psychiatry 1984 144 53-57. 

Walden CE, Knopp RH, Johnson JL, Heiss G, Wahl PW, 183. Hoover JJ. Effect of estrogen/progestin potency on clinical chemistry measures. The Lipid Research Clinics Program 184. Prevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986 123(3) 517—31. 

WHO Task Force on Oral Contraceptives. Oral and injectable hormonal contraceptive and signs and symptoms of vitamin deficiency and goitre prevalence studies in five 186. centres in the developing and developed world. WHO... 

Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 2000 160 526-34. 

MacMahon SW, Macdonald GJ, Blacket RB. Plasma lipoprotein levels in treated and untreated hypertensive men and women. The National Heart Foundation of Australia Risk Factor Prevalence Study. Arteriosclerosis 1985 5(4) 391-6. 

Wallace RB, Hunninghake DB, Chambless LE, Heiss G, Wahl P, Barrett-Connor E. A screening survey of dyslipo-proteinemias associated with prescription drug use. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1986 73(1 Pt 2) I70-9. 

The prevalence studies noted above only consider the general population without regard for differences between specific groups. Research has identified many characteristics that may influence the frequency/severity of insomnia complaints including age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. 

Nichols D, Allen R, Grauke J, Brown J, Rice M, Hyde P, Dement W, Kushida C (2003) Restless Legs Syndrome in primary care. A prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 163 2323-2329... 

The Lipid Research Clinics Population Studies Data Book, Vol. II. The Prevalence Study - Nutrient Intake" U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1982, pp. 42-3. 

The use of an immunoprecipitation method has been reported for detecting Hu, Ri, and Yo antibodies [165, 166], This method is highly specific and sensitive, as it can detect low levels of antibodies not demonstrated by immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting, and is useful in prevalence studies. However, low levels of antibodies are often not correlated with clinical disease and must be regarded with caution in patients without neurological symptoms. For instance, 25% of patients with SCLC have low levels of Hu antibodies [167]. There are also case reports of individuals with cancer and high antibody levels without PNS, even after prolonged observation [166, 168],... 

Cahoon-Young, B., Chandler, A., Livermore, T., Gaudino, J., and Benjamin, R. (1989). Sensitivity and specificity of pooled versus individual sera in a human immunodeficiency virus antibody prevalence study. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 27, 1893-1895. 

Agundez JAG, Olivera M, Martinez C, Ladero JM, Benitez J. Identification and prevalence study of 17 allelic variants of the human NAT2 gene in a white population. Pharmacogenetics 1996 6 423-8. 

AD affects more than four million people in the United States and prevalence studies demons date an exponential rise of dementia linked to advancing age (Katzman, 2001). The number of cases of dementia in the developed world is projected to rise from 13.5 million in 2000 to 21.2 million in 2025, and to 36.7 million in 2050 (Katzman and Fox, 1999). Currently the number of deaths caused by AD is similar to the number of deaths caused by stroke. AD and stroke together rank as the third most common causes of death (Ewbank, 1999). 

Pereira-Lima, XE., Lichtenfels, E., Barboso, F.S., Zettler, C.G., Uldrich-Kulczynski, XM. Prevalence study of metastases in cirrhotic livers. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2003 50 1490-1495... 

A problem with prevalence studies is that they may underestimate diseases having a rapid, early fatality rate. Bacterial diarrhea in infants may be detected and then kill an Infant within a week or so. Please imagine a tropical village where 10% of the persons die from this di.sease in 1 year. However, prevalence data may reveal... 

In a prospective prevalence study of liver disease in 90 patients with permanent intestinal failure receiving parenteral nutrition hver biopsy was performed in 57 (95). Chronic cholestasis developed in 58 patients after a median of 6 (range 3-132) months, and 37 developed comphcated liver disease after a median of 17 (range 2-155) months. Chronic cholestasis was significantly associated with a risk of liver disease independent of parenteral nutrition, a bowel remnant shorter than 50 cm, and a lipid intake of 1 g/kg/day or more hver disease related to parenteral nutrition was significantly associated with chronic cholestasis and a parenteral hpid intake of 1 g/kg/day or more. The authors concluded that the prevalence of hver disease increased with the duration of parenteral nutrition and was one of the main causes of death in patients with permanent intestinal failure. Parenteral intake of long-chain hpid emulsion should be restricted to less than 1 g/kg/day. 

Piom Lipid Research Clinics Program Epidemiology Committee Plasma lipid distributions in selected North American population The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1979 60 427-39 and Lipid Metabolism Branch, Division of Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute The Lipid Research CHnics Population Studies Data Book. Vol. P. The Prevalence Study. NIH PubUcation No. 80-1527. Betbesda, MD National Institutes of Health, 1980. 

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