Prevalence of Tobacco Use

For those 10 years or older, 43% rural and 28% urban males are regular tobacco users (10.9 and 4.7% for females). Half to two thirds of males are smokers 15-20% of female tobacco users were smokers. Generally, rural areas in India have a 50% higher prevalence of tobacco use compared to urban areas. 

Between 1983 and 1995, cigarette smoking declined for whites (34% to 26%), African Americans (37% to 27%), Hispanics (30% to 19%), and Asian and Pacific Islanders (24% to 15%). The prevalence of tobacco use among Native American and Alaskan Natives stayed at 41% between 1983 and 1995. 

The West Discovers Tobacco Tobacco as Panacea From Panacea to Panned Prevalence of Tobacco Use Smoking in the United States Initiation of Smoking Smokeless Tobacco Use Pharmacology of Nicotine Sites of Action Pharmacokinetics Tolerance and Dependence Tolerance... 

Cluster headache disorders are the most uncommon and severe primary headache syndromes.9 The estimated point prevalence is less than 1%. Unlike migraine and TTH, cluster headaches occur more frequently in men. Onset commonly occurs prior to age 30.6 A genetic predisposition seems apparent, although affected individuals often provide a history of tobacco use and alcohol abuse.6 Attacks consist of debilitating, unilateral head pains that occur in series lasting up to months at a time, but that remit over months to years between occurrences. In rare instances, cluster headache can be a chronic disorder without remissions.4... 

Fig. 4 Prevalence of tobacco products use other than cigarettes among youth (figure from Warren 2008)...

At the present time there are several contemporary drugs that pose particular dangers to the developing fetus because of the relative prevalence of their use and their distribution across the placenta. These include alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine. 

This chapter is a review of nicotine and begins w ith some background information about its source and the ways that nicotine is consumed, followed by a history of tobacco use. We then discuss the prevalence of nicotine use and the mechanisms of its pharmacological action. We also review the acute and chronic effects of nicotine. The chapter concludes w ith a description of professional services available to help individuals stop smoking. 

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the Western world and the third most commonly used recreational drug after alcohol and tobacco (Iverson, 2000). A review of surveys of marijuana use conducted by the World Health Organization in 1997 (WHO, 1997) summarized lifetime prevalence of marijuana use (specifically, the percentage of 15-50 year olds who had ever used marijuana). In several countries the rates exceeded 30% (Denmark at 37%, Australia at 34%, the United States at 32%). Jamaica s rate was 29%, and the prevalence for the United Kingdom was 20%. 

B. Reduce the prevalence of illicit drug and alcohol use among youth by 20% by 2002 and 50% by 2007. Reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption among youth by 25% by 2002 and 55% by 2007... 

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) and Cor pulmonale COLD is known to be an outcome of chronic air pollution exposure. Although tobacco smoke is known to be the major risk factor, studies in India and Nepal have found that non-smoking women who regularly cook on biomass stoves exhibit a higher prevalence of COLD than would be expected, or which appears in women who use them less frequently. Indeed, due to indoor exposure, nearly 15% of non-smoking women in Nepal (20 years and older) had chronic bronchitis a very high rate for nonsmokers (ESCAP, 1995). 

Rudatsikira E, Abdo A, Muula AS (2007) Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, BMC Public Health 7(176) 1-6 Sinha DN, Prakash CG, Gangadharan P (2007) Tobacco use among students and school personnel in India, Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 8 417 21... 

The NHSDA is directed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Since 1971, it has provided annual estimates of the prevalence (patterns of use) of illicit drug, alcohol, and tobacco use in the United States, monitoring trends since that time. Results from this survey are based on a representative sample of the U.S. population 12 years and older. Marijuana-specific data are presented as a subcategory of illicit drugs. ... 

In 177 heavy cocaine users (compared with 75 noncocaine users), some of whom were also tobacco or marijuana users, cocaine use was associated with a higher prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms, including... 

In the 2004 NSDUH a variety of data about drug use in the United States w ere collected. We first discuss data on the ov erall prevalence of use in the last year and the last month respectively for different drugs, including alcohol and tobacco cigarettes. In this case, use means the person used the drug in question at least once during the time in question past month and past year arc from the time the respondent... 

Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use in the Past Month by Age and Gender, 2003... 

The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among men is about three times that among women. 

Human volunteers who were pretreated with nicotine via a transdermal patch and then consumed ethanol reported that ethanol s effects (feeling drunk and euphoria) were enhanced relative to those not pretreated with nicotine. It was found that heart rates were increased by nicotine and that ethanol-induced heart rates were further increased by nicotine. The authors conclude that the results of this study may help explain the high prevalence of the combined use of ethanol and tobacco J66 ... 

Through the centuries opium was used as an analgetic, sedative, hypnotic, and euphoric in the form of powders, alcoholic extracts (opium tincture, laudanum), syrups, and elixirs. It was even smoked, after the use of tobacco became prevalent. 

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