Pressurized hot water extraction

Sediment Pressurized hot water extraction coupled with clean up LC-GC-MS/FID 0.71 ng/g No data Kuosmanen et... 

Kuosmanen K, Hyotylaincn T, Hartonen K, et al. 2002. Pressurized hot water extraction coupled on-line with liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the determination of brominated flame retardants in sediment samples. J Chromatogr A 943(1) 113-122. 

On-Line Systems Flowing MMLLE systems have been established in different layouts with automation and on-line hyphenation to GC and HPLC analysis. An automated on-line FS-MMLLE-GC system with a loop-type interface compatible with LVI was used for the extraction of pesticides and PAHs in surface waters.86 In another study, pressurized hot water extraction (PH WE) was coupled on-line to a FS-MMLLE-GC-FID system and applied to the analysis of PAHs in soil, where MMLLE was used as a cleanup and concentration step of the PH WE extract prior to final GC analysis.87 In addition, an HF-MMLLE setup was incorporated in PHWE and GC, resulting in an online PHWE-HF-MMLLE-GC system, where the HF membrane module contained 10-100 HFs. The system served for the extraction and analysis of PAHs in soil and sediments ... 

Eskilsson, C.S., K. Hartonen, L. Mathiasson, et al. 2003. Pressurized hot water extraction of insecticides from process dust—comparison with supercritical fluid extraction. J. Sep. Sci. 27 59-64. 

Deng, C., N. Yao, A. Wang, et al. 2005. Determination of essential oil in a traditional Chinese medicine, Fructus amoni, by pressurized hot water extraction followed by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 536 237-242. 

Application of pressurized hot water (subcritical water) as the extraction medium Extraction of moderately and nonvolatile, thermally stable organic pollutants from a variety of solid and semisolid environmental matrices Extraction of metals such as copper and lead from spent industrial oils with acidified pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) 76-78,79... 

In pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), rapid extraction is performed with small volumes of conventional solvents by using high temperatures (up to 200°C) and high pressures (up to 20 000 kPa) to maintain the solvent in a liquid state. The extraction can also be done with a purely aqueous phase, a technique often referred to as pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) or subcritical water extraction. Temperatures of up to 325 C have been used in PHWE 29-38). 

When water is used as the solvent, PLE is referred to as superheated water extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), or pressurized (hot) water extraction (PWE). Hot water is very effective as an extraction solvent for PAHs from soil and sediment. Superheated water is water above the boiling point but below the supercritical point, and under sufficient pressure to maintain... 

Andersson, T., Hartonen, K., Hyotylainen, T., and Riekkola, M.-L., Pressurized hot water extraction and thermal desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediment with use of a novel extraction vessel, Anal. Chim. Acta, 466, 93-100, 2002. 

Morales-Munoz, S., Luque-Garcfa, J. L., and Luque de Castro, M. D., Pressurized hot water extraction with on-line fluorescence monitoring a comparison of the static, dynamic, and static-dynamic modes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental solid samples, Ana/. Chem., 74, 4213-4219, 2002. 

Other PHWE, pressurized hot water extraction SFE, supercritical fluid extraction TBA, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. 

Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) has also been used for the analysis of several brominated analytes in sediment. The extracted analytes were trapped into a solid-phase trap (Tenax TA), from which these were eluted with pentane ethyl acetate mixture after drying the trap with nitrogen. No further cleanup of the extract was required. Best results were obtained at 325°C, using a pressure of 118 bar and an extraction time of 40 min. Compared with Soxhlet extraction, extraction yields were clearly better, and the extract was much cleaner. 

DBTHS, disodium 5,13-his(dodecyloxymethyl-4,7.11,14-tetraoxa-l,17-heptadecanedisulfonate ITP, isotachophoresis m-HEC, methyl-hydroxyethylcellulose PVP, polyvinylpirrolidone PSDVB, polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer SB-P-CD, sulfobutylether-p-cyclodextrin CAR-PDMS, carboxen-polyfdimefhylsiloxane) ESI-IT-MS, electrospray ionization ion trap-mass spectrometry CHES, 2-(V-cyclohexylamino)-ethanesulphonic acid CAPS, 3-(cyclohexylamino)-l-propanesttlfonic acid PHWE, pressurized hot water extraction ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SPME, solid-phase microextraction SPE, solid-phase extraction. 

TTAOH, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide ESI-IT-MS, electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry SB- -CD, sulfobutylether-p-cyclodextrin PHWE, pressurized hot water extraction FPD, flame photometric detector SPE, solid-phase extraction MES, 2-[morphine]ethanesulphonic acid DDAOH, didodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide. 

Saleh A, Larsson E, Yamini Y, Jonsson jA. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction as a preconcentration and clean-up step after pressurized hot water extraction for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge. J Chromatogr A 2011 1218 1331-1339. 

Deng, C. Wang, A. Shen, S. Fu, D. Chen, J. Zhang, X. (2005). Rapid analysis of essential oil from Fructus amomi by pressurized hot water extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass sp>ectrometiy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol.38, pp. 326-331, ISSN 0731-7085... 

Hartonen, K. Parshintsev, J. Sandberg, K Bergelin, E. Nisula, L. Riekkola, ML. (2007). Isolation of flavonoids from aspen knotwood by pressurized hot water extraction and comparison with other extraction techniques. Talanta, Vol.74, No l, pp. 32-38, ISSN 0039-9140... 

Figure 4 Scheme of a pressurized liquid extraction-LC-GC setup. 1, nitrogen 2a-c, pump 3, eluent 4, oven 5, preheating coil 6, extraction vessel 7, cooling coil 8, eluent coil 9, trapping and LC column 10, restrictor 11, precolumns 12, analytical column 13, solvent vapor exit 14, flame ionization detector VI, extraction valve V2-V4, multiport valves. (Reproduced with permission from Hyotylainen T, Andersson T, Hartonen K, Kuosmanen K, and Riekkola ML (2000) Pressurized hot water extraction coupled online with LC-GC Determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in sediment. Analytical Chemistry72-. 3070-3076 American Chemical Society.)... 

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is also known as pressurized solvent extraction (PSE), enhanced solvent extraction (ESE), pressurized fluid extraction (PEE), or accelerated solvent extraction (ASE ) in the literature. PLE is considered an environmentally friendly extraction technique because it requires only small volumes of solvents. PLE was primarily used for the extraction of environmental samples, such as soils and sediments. Elevated temperatures (usually between 50 and 200 °C) and pressures (between 10 and 15 MPa) are used in closed vessels, which allow extractions to be completed in a very short time. High pressure allows the solvent to remain in its liquid state even at temperatures above its boiling point, and forces it into the matrix pores. High temperatures decrease the solvent viscosity and increase metabolite solubilization, the diffusion rate, and mass transfer kinetics, thus facilitating desorption of the analytes from the plant material. Most PLE applications reported in the literature employ the same organic solvents as those commonly used in conventional solid-liquid extraction techniques. When water is used as the extraction solvent, the technique is referred to as pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). Extractions are carried out in stainless steel extraction cells of various volumes (typically 1-250 mL). One extraction cycle is generally applied for 5-20 min at temperatures ranging from 50 to 140 °C in the vast majority of applications. 

Acronyms d SPE dispersive solid-phase extraction HILIC hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography IT ion trap LLE liquid—liquid extraction MSPD matrix solid-phase dispersion PGC porous graphitized carbon PLE pressurized-liquid extraction PHWE pressurized hot-water extraction QqQ triple quadrupole QLIT quadrupole linear ion trap QuEChERS quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe TCA trichloroacetic acid UHPLC ultraperformance liquid chromatography ZIC ttILIC zwitterionic hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography. 

Curren, M.S.S. and King, J.W (2002) New sample preparation technique for the determination of avoparcin in pressurized hot water extracts from kidney samples. ). Chromatogr. A, 954, 41 -49. 

Water can also be employed as the extraction solvent in PLE, and so the technique is called pressurized hot water extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), super-heated water extraction, or high temperature water extraction [138],... 

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