Pressure injection experimental setup

Thus far, SPME methods have had only limited success in isolating polar organics (e.g., chlorophenols [30] and formaldehyde [31]) or ions [32,33] from aqueous mixtures. However, the tunable hydrophobicity and multimodal potential interaction chemistries of ILs suggest potential applications in LPME. Further, their high viscosity coupled with their minimal vapor pressure promotes stable droplet formation. Figure 5.2 illustrates the experimental setup for LPME. In addition, analyte recovery can be performed simply by injecting the droplet onto a liquid chromatographic column. 

Fig. 5. Schematic of the experimental setup for the pressure injection of materials into the nanochannels of a porous template.

Pressure injection bismuth nanowires, 175-177 experimental setup, 174 nanowire fabrication, 173-177 template requirements, 175 Washburn equation, 174-175 Pressure swing adsorption, adsorption, 80 Protein microtube-mediated synthesis, nanostructured materials, 15-16 Purification, olefin-diene, 117... 

Fig. 11 shows the experimental setup of the CO2-assisted surface coating injection molding. A 35-ton injection molder was used. The molder cavity was sealed so that the cavity pressure can be kept at a higher value than critical pressure 7.38 MPa. The high pressure CO2 was generated, by pumping the liquid CO2, and introduced into a buffer tank. A low molecular compound to be dissolved in SCCO2, which... 

Figure 11.3 schematically shows the experimental setup. The approach consists of a pulsed nozzle, skimmer, and reflectron TOF mass analyzer. The 125 nm VUV beam was introduced along the jet axis and focus in the ionization volume. A doubled NdiYAG laser (532 nm) was used for desorption, with pulse energy densities of 10 to 100 mj /cm and a spot size of about 1 mm diameter. Vaporization was caused by substrate heating only. Optimal injection of the vapor into the jet expansion occurred when the desorption spot was about 1 mm in front of and 0.5 mm below the nozzle, and the desorption laser was fired near the peak of the jet gas pulse. The pulsed valve was operated with Ar or Xe at a backing pressure of 8 atmospheres. 

Figure 4 Experimental setup used to integrate MAE with the subsequent steps of the analytical process. (1) Leaching step. CT, controller MO, microwave oven S, sample R, refrigerant WR, water reservoir TCPP, two-channel piston pump ER, extract reservoir (2) Clean-up/preconcentration step. SV, selecting valve M, methanol A, air B, buffer PP1 and PP2, peristaltic pumps F, filter EL, elution loop MC, minicolumn R, retention direction E, elution direction IV1-IV3, injection valves W, waste. (3) Individual separation-detection step. HPIV, high-pressure injection valve AC, analytical column DAD, diode array detector SR, solvent reservoirs. (Reproduced with permission from Luque de Castro MD and Luque-Garcfa JL (2002) Acceleration and Automation of Solid Sample Treatment Elsevier.)...

Permeability measurement experimental setup for transient filling ID constant-pressure injection. 

Qu et al. [2] found evidence of two kinds of unsteady flow boiling for 21 parallel microchannels measuring 231 x 713 xm. They observed in their parallel microchannel array either a global fluctuation of the whole two-phase zone for all the microchannels (Fig. 1) or chaotic fluctuations of the two-phase zone (Fig. 2) over-pressure in one microchannel and under-pressure in another. The individual microchannel mass flow rate was not controlled. Hetsroni et al. [3] created an experimental setup to study liquid-gas and liquid-vapor flow in parallel triangular microchannels with diameters of 103 to 161 p.m. They used a fast video camera coupled with a microscope through a Pyrex plate to record the flow patterns. They showed the influence of the injection method (plenum shape) and found evidence for the same inlet conditions. 

In order to study asphaltene precipitation from live oil systems at reservoir conditions and to study effect of pressure on amount of asphaltene precipitation, experimental set up was assembled. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the setup used. The major components of the set up include 1) JEFRI positive displacement pump, 2) recombination cell, 3) solvent transfer (pistoned) cell, 4) stainless steel (60 micron) In-line filter, 5) air bath equipped with temperature controller and rocking mechanism. Positive displacement pump was used either to inject gas during recombination of oil or to inject CO2 at constant pressure into recombination cell to prepare desired CO - recombined oil mixture. 

---