Presidential orders

The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 represented the interests of American scientists who wished to see nuclear energy developed for nonniilitai y purposes. It called for the establishment of a five-member civilian Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), which could deliver weapons to the military only on presidential order. But the militaiy tensions ot the early Cold War delayed civilian nuclear power development until 1948, at which time 80 percent of the AEC s budget went to militaiy ends. In 1951, U.S. civilian nuclear power development consisted of only a small experimental government (liquid metal) reactor in Idaho. 

Presidential orders which establish requirements for federal agencies to purchase alternative fuel vehicles. Order 12844 accelerates agency acquisitions by 50% beyond requirements contained in Section 303 of the Energy Policy Act for fiscal years 1993 to 1995, subject to the availability of funds. 

In 1978 New York State officials began something that has long haunted America. What they did led to a Presidentially ordered, complete emergency relocation of the residents of Love Canal, a small community in Niagara Falls, NY. From 1942 to 1952 some 21000 tons of various chemical wastes were dumped in a 70 acre site. In 1953 the landfill was sealed. Subsequently an area close by was extensively developed and... 

Worried by headlines concerning an earlier industrial waste site in the area, the residents then clamoured for government intervention. As a result of the Presidential order, some 950 families were evacuated. Laws determining how to dispose of unwanted chemicals began to be introduced. But in the post evacuation scientific inquiries, researchers did not find any evidence of an abnormal incidence of cancers or other maladies among the former residents. They did, however, find evidence of indirect psychological damage traceable to sensational media reports. 

A CIA poison dart gun produced during 1975 Senate hearings into why the agency had disobeyed presidential orders to destroy stocks of biological weapons. 

In the United States, a strong motivation has developed in the past decade to reduce the nation s dependence on imported oil and to increase their own energy supplies by using a more diverse mix of domestic resources. A Presidential Order triggered a series of initiatives for the promotion of the use of renewable resources in 1999. The Biomass Research and Development Act in 2000 led to the establishment of the Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Committee, which issued the vision for bioenergy and biobased products in the United States and the roadmap for biomass technologies in the United States. ... 

This presidential order lifted the inter-institutional confusion caused by the Ministry of Accidental Situations and Protection from the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident" controlling the waste management aspects. 

The Second War Powers Act, supplemented by Presidential order, authorized certain government agencies, including the War Department, to inspect and audit the books of war contractors and subcontractors. The War Department established administrative units for securing voluntary adjustments or refunds whenever prices, costs, or profits were considered... 

Professor William McPherson, president of the American Chemical Society in 1930, said in his presidential address that he once asked a former student who had distinguished himself in the field of literature whether he had derived any benefit from his course in chemistry. The young gentleman replied that the idea that had helped most to frame his philosophy of life was the periodic law. He had been much confused by what seemed to him an entire absence of order in the universe ... 

Caucasian states do still have different problems in terms of attaining and establishing a full domestic order in their territories. Typically, those countries face important problems during the transition eras. The presidential crisis of Azerbaijan is a recent case. Any structural change, including power transfers, might turn to be great crisis in such countries. 

Executive Order 13112 (February 3, 1999). Presidential Documents. Invasive Species. 

The next step under the act is DOE s initial nomination of five locations for site characterization, based on a consideration of the guidelines and the environmental assessments to be prepared for each of the five nominated sites, followed by a recommendation of three candidate sites to the President for his approval. The DOE had intended to complete these actions in the summer of 1983 in order to permit the conduct of a sufficiently thorough site characterization program at each site to support the presidential recommendation of a site for the first repository by March 31,1987, as required by the act. The act requires that for each site under consideration, DOE conduct public hearings to solicit recommendations on issues to be addressed in the environmental assessment and in any site characterization plan to be used if the site is approved by the President. The specific date and location for these hearings will be established after consultation with state representatives. 

In response to Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9, USEPA, in collaboration with other agencies, must develop surveillance and monitoring systems in order to provide earlier detection of intentional or accidental water contamination. It is... 

We expect from this over-all exercise that there will emerge a number of carefully tailored, sharply focused options which the President will direct to come into being. We foresee at this time that the Presidential actions can fall into three categories. Those which will require legislation in which it will be necessary to enlist the aid of the Congress. Those which will require Presidential directive in the form of executive orders and... 

Regulatory Impact Analyses so prepared are required to be reviewed by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, subject to the direction of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief. Thus, Executive Order 12291 affords two regulatory review levels, one by 0MB and potentially one by the Task Force. The 0MB, as an agency of the Executive Office of the President, is in a position to ensure that both the letter and the spirit of Executive Order 12291 are followed in RIAs produced by the several agencies. 

Title 3—The President (Includes Presidential proclamations, Executive orders, etc.)... 

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