Maleic anhydride PP

Flow in mixing devices PA-6/PP Maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-MA) Ide and Hasegawa, 1974... 

Table 2.5 Interfacial Tensions between Polymer Melt Pairs Including Compatibilizing Agents. MAH-PP Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene SEES Hydrogenated Triblock Copolymer of Styrene and Butadiene MAH-g-SEBS Maleic Anhydride Grafted SEES PEMA-Zn Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic Acid) lonomer Neutralized by Zinc.

Figure 19.8 Reaction mechanism involved during the treatment of cellulose fibres with PP maleic anhydride copolymer (MAPP) (a) activation of MAPP (T = 170°C) before fibre treatment and (b) esterification of cellulose.

Park JM, Quang ST, Hwang BS, Devries KL (2006) In terfacial evaluation of modified jute and hemp fibers/polypropylene (PP)-maleic anhydride polypropylene copolymers... 

MA-g-PP Maleic Anhydride-Grafting Polypropylene MAPP Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene... 

A variety of commercial products specifically aimed at being used in filled polymers are available, notably from Arkema (Lotader and Orevac ), DuPont (Fusabond ), Westlake Chemicals (Epolene ), ExxonMobil (Exxelor ), and Crompton (Polybond ). The terminology used in this discussion is as follows acrylic acid grafted PE or PP=AA-g-PE or AA-g-PP maleic anhydride grafted = MA-g-PE or MA-g-PP. 

Reactive treatment is achieved by the combined effect of silanes attached to the active hydroxyl groups of the surface and the introduction of functionalized PP (maleic anhydride or acrylic acid) into the composite. 

A PA-PP mixture was proeessed into a fiber by using an interfacial compatibilizing agent based on a PP-maleic anhydride eopolymer [112]. 

PS = Polystyrene N6 = nylon 6 HOPE = high density polyethylene LDPE = low density polyethylene Nll= nylon 11 SAN = styrene acrylonitrile copolymer SMA = styrene-methaciylic acid copolymer MA-g-PP = maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. 

Figure 6.12 Viscosity as a function of shear rate for the non-reactive polypropylene (PP), maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) and polyamide-6 (PA6) at 240 °C. After Cartier and Hu [44]...

One of the earliest references on compatibilizing a nylon-6-polypropylene blend using maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MAH) was the work of Ide and Hase-gawa published in 1974 [35]. In their study, the formation of a graft copolymer was confirmed by DSC after solvent extraction of the PP component. Blends with PP-g-MAH... 

Coran and Patel [74] investigated the reactive com-patibilization of PP-NBR and HDPE-NBR blends using phenolic modified polyolefin, maleic anhydride modified polyolefin, and amine terminated nitrile rubber as reactive components. Dynamic vulcanization was also inves-... 

The reactive compatibilization of HDPE-NBR and PP-NBR blends has been studied by Thomas and coworkers [75,76]. The maleic anhydride modified polyolefins and phenolic modified polyolefins are used as com-patibilizers. The effect of the concentration of these compatibilizers on the compatibility of these blends was investigated in terms of morphology and mechanical properties. It was found that in these blends an optimum quantity of the compatibilizer was required to obtain maximum improvement in properties, and after that a leveling off was observed. The domain size of the dispersed NBR phase in these blends is decreased up to a certain level and then increases (Fig. 12 and 13). The reduction in domain size is attributed to the increase in... 

PP-g-AA - acrylic acid grafted polypropylene PP-g-MAH - maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene PPacr - acrylic acid grafted polypropylene PPmal - maleic anhdride grafted polypropylene PPS - polyphenylene sulfide PS - polystyrene... 

For example, the treatment of cellulose fibers with hot polypropylene-maleic anhydride (MAH-PP) copolymers provides covalent bonds across the interface [40]. The mechanism of reaction can be divided in two steps ... 

Details are given of ways of obtaining energy from the pyrolysis of disposable syringes. The waxy product was chemically modified with maleic anhydride and tested in the processing of PP/LLDPE blends in a rheometer or twin-screw extruder. Compatibility of components in binary or ternary blends and DSC results are discussed. 35 refs. 

PP is probably the most thoroughly investigated system in the nanocomposite field next to nylon [127-132]. In most of the cases isotactic/syndiotactic-PP-based nanocomposites have been prepared with various clays using maleic anhydride as the compatibilizer. Sometimes maleic anhydride-grafted PP has also been used [127]. Nanocomposites have shown dramatic improvement over the pristine polymer in mechanical, rheological, thermal, and barrier properties [132-138]. Crystallization [139,140], thermodynamic behavior, and kinetic study [141] have also been done. 

FIGURE 38.4 Tensile strength of polypropylene-maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-MA-g-PP)-ruhher powder composite as a function of ruhher powder content. (Reprinted from Shanmugharaj, A.M., Kim, J.K., and Ryu, S.H., Polymer Test., 24, 739, 2005. With permission.)... 

Kah, S., Honicke, D., Selective oxidation of 1-butene to maleic anhydride -comparison of the performance between microchannel reactors and fixed bed reactor, in Matlosz, M., Ehreeld, W., Baselt, J. P. (Eds.), Microreaction Technology - IMRET 5 Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Microreaction Technology, pp. 397-407, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2001). 

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