Polypropylene acrylic acid-grafted

PP-g-AA - acrylic acid grafted polypropylene PP-g-MAH - maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene PPacr - acrylic acid grafted polypropylene PPmal - maleic anhdride grafted polypropylene PPS - polyphenylene sulfide PS - polystyrene... 

The interaction of the polymer with the filler is promoted by the presence of reactive functionality in the polymer, capable of chemical reaction or hydrogen bonding with the functionality, generally hydroxyl, on the surface of the filler. Thus, carboxyl-containing polymers, e.g. ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and maleic anhydride- and acrylic acid-grafted polyethylene and polypropylene interact readily with fillers. 

Acrylic acid grafted polypropylene Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene Trimellitic anhydride... 

Rahma, F. and Fellahi, S. (2000) Performance evaluation of synthesized acrylic acid grafted polypropylene within CaCOs/polypropylene composites. Polym. Compos., 21 (2), 175-186. 

Maleated polypropylene and acrylic acid grafted polypropylene are used as chemical coupling agents in filled and reinforced polypropylene. These chemical cou-... 

Maleated or acrylic acid grafted polypropylene can also be used as a coupling agent for these types of compounds. The use of maleated polyethylene and polypropylenes in this application is widely documented. Jancar (36) conducted a study of maleated polypropylene in Mg(OH)2 filled polypropylene. Their findings indicated a critical concentration of carboxylic acid groups. At low levels of addition, the composite yield stress increased sharply. However, at a certain concentration based on filler content, very little increase in yield stress was observed with increased addition of PPgMAH. The possible explanations give for this were... 

The melt phase grafting reaction of acrylic acid onto polypropylene proceeds by a free radical mechanism (10). Radicals generated by thermal decomposition of an initiator abstract hydrogen from the polypropylene backbone and initiate homopolymerization of acrylic acid. Acrylic acid also adds to the sites on the backbone, with the result that the product contains acrylic acid grafted polypropylene (AA-g-PP) and poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer. 

Mader and Freitag (14) used the single-fiber pullout method to characterize the interfacial shear strength of chemically coupled GFRP composites having the polymer matrix also modified by acrylic acid grafted polypropylene. By using... 

Graft copolymers between unsatnrated acids, especially acrylic acid and maleic anhydride (MA), and polyolefins (PE and PP) are widely used as surface modifiers and compatibilisers, sometimes in combination with bi-functional coupling agents [46], for talc, calcium carbonate and calcined clays. Such polymer coatings include polypropylene-maleic anhydride [47], polypropylene c/s-4-cyclohexene-l,2 dicarboxylic acid [48], polystearyl or polylauryl acrylate [49], polypropylene-acrylic acid, partially oxidised poly(butane diol) [50] and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [51]. Acid-containing products can react with basic fillers. With most other types, they will simply adsorb on to the mineral surface, but they can form esters with some non-basic metal hydroxyls, notably silanols. 

Melt intercalation of the polymer into previously organo-modified silicates. It is a very effective method when polymers, such as polyamide-6, polysiloxane and even polystyrene are intercalated. For the formation of PP-based nanocomposites, a compatibilizer such as maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-MA) or acrylic acid grafted PP is involved, which improves the polyolefin-filler interactions. ... 

Extension of the chlorosulfonation technology to base resins other than polyethylene, where value can be added, seems a logical next step. Polypropylene and ethylene copolymers containing additional functionaUty, ie, maleic anhydride graft, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, etc, have been chlorinated and chlorosulfonated to broaden the appHcation base, particularly in coatings and adhesives (9,10). 

Grafting of Acrylic Acid Derivatives onto Polyethylene and Polypropylene Surfaces... 

Figure 6 and 7. Surface grafting of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) films with acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), crotonic acid (CA), tiglic acid (TA), 3-methylcrotonic acid (3-MCA) and a-methyl cinnamic acid (a-MCA), measured by absorption of visible light after grafting for 2 min. with vapor phase method and dipping in aqueous solution of crystal violet. 

The commonly used separator material now is the surface treated polypropylene. The surface treatment helps in making the polypropylene permanently wettable. Surface treatments involve the grafting of a chemical such as acrylic acid to the base fibers to impart wettability and is accomplished using a variety of techniques such as UV or cobalt radiation. Another method of imparting wettability to the polypropylene is a sulfonation treatment where the base fiber material is exposed to fuming sulfuric acid. The separator surface is designed to be made hydrophilic to the electrolyte. 

Polyethylene has been grafted with acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate//V,/V-dimethylacrylamide, or methacrylic acid//V,/V-dimethylacrylamide to yield supports (e.g. Figure 2.10) suitable for the synthesis of peptides [2,222-224] and other compounds [216,225,226]. A similar support, also suitable for the synthesis of peptides, is polypropylene grafted with hydroxypropyl acrylate [227]. These supports can be used as membranes or as crown-shaped pinheads (Multipin 2-4 mm diameter) with loadings of 1.2-2.2 pmol per crown. 

The RAI Research Corporation also offers a range of battery separators under the name of Permion (JL). These membranes are made by radiation grafting of a suitably active group onto an inert base film. The active groups include weak acids such as acrylic and substituted acrylic acid and stronger acidic groups such as sulfonated styrene. The base film can be Teflon R, polyethylene or polypropylene. They are thus not strictly perfluorinated membranes as is Nafion, but in chemical inertness and in many physical properties such as electrical conductivity and ion flux are useful as separators in batteries. 

The same technique can be used to dye a material that is otherwise difficult to dye. An ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber was reacted first with maleic anhydride, then with an aromatic amine dye in an extruder to produce a dyed rubber.81 Dye sites can also be inserted into polyolefins by grafting them with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, using azo or peroxide catalysts in an extruder.82 jV-Vinylimidazole has been grafted to polyethylene in an extruder with the help of dicumylperoxide.83 The product was mixed with an acrylic acid-modified polypropylene and used to compatibilize polyethylene and polypropylene. This could be helpful in the recycling of mixed polyolefins from municipal solid waste. Recycling of cross-linked (thermoset) polymers is more of a problem because they cannot be remelted in an extruder. However, they can be if... 

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