Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene PP-MA

FIGURE 38.4 Tensile strength of polypropylene-maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-MA-g-PP)-ruhher powder composite as a function of ruhher powder content. (Reprinted from Shanmugharaj, A.M., Kim, J.K., and Ryu, S.H., Polymer Test., 24, 739, 2005. With permission.)... 

Melt intercalation of the polymer into previously organo-modified silicates. It is a very effective method when polymers, such as polyamide-6, polysiloxane and even polystyrene are intercalated. For the formation of PP-based nanocomposites, a compatibilizer such as maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-MA) or acrylic acid grafted PP is involved, which improves the polyolefin-filler interactions. ... 

Compatibilizers are frequently materials such as block or graft copolymers. A specific example would be a copolymer comprising two blocks where each is compatible with one component of the blend (in a blend of two plastics) and incompatible with the other. An A-x-B block copolymer, where A and B are long sequences of monomer that are identical to the corresponding A and B polymers forming the blend, and X is a bond between the blocks, is one of the simplest forms of compatibilizer. A functionalized polymer where the main polymer is compatible in one phase and the functionality is compatible in the other phase would be another example of a compatibilizing agent. One example of such a material would be maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylene (PP-MA) used to compatibilize blends of PP and Nylon 66. Recent advances in the production of PP-MA have seen an increase in the impact resistance of... 

IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 where obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, whereas IL-3 was synthesized. Structures are shown in Fig. 1. A mixture of polypropylene (PP) homopolymer (PP4772 ExxonMobile) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) (Bondyram 1001, Polyram Israel) at an 85/15 wt. ratio was nsed for melt compounding with the modified clays. 

MA-g-PP Maleic Anhydride-Grafting Polypropylene MAPP Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene... 

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, MA-g-PP, type compati-bilizers constitute the majority of chemically coupled composites produced today. An entire list of available maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene additives supplied globally is given in Table 1. The particular choice of a compatibilizer and level is made generally on the basis of cost-effectiveness. 

PS = Polystyrene N6 = nylon 6 HOPE = high density polyethylene LDPE = low density polyethylene Nll= nylon 11 SAN = styrene acrylonitrile copolymer SMA = styrene-methaciylic acid copolymer MA-g-PP = maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. 

In a different system with polydisperse reactive chains of maleic anhydride end-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) reacting on a polyamide 6 (PA-6), Boucher et al. produced evidence consistent with a grafting rate controlled by the cent-er-of-mass diffusion of PP-g-MA to the interface [92]. 

The compatibilizer as such may be compatible with the clay surfaces and hence easily intercalates into the interlayer spacing of the clay platelets and separates the clay platelets, and with bulk polymer it leads to the formation of well-dispersed nanocomposites. The compatibilizer widely used for polypropylene (PP) is maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) [15-16], Other compatibilizers used are diethyl maleate (DEM-g-PP) and polyolefin elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA),... 

Graft copolymers between unsatnrated acids, especially acrylic acid and maleic anhydride (MA), and polyolefins (PE and PP) are widely used as surface modifiers and compatibilisers, sometimes in combination with bi-functional coupling agents [46], for talc, calcium carbonate and calcined clays. Such polymer coatings include polypropylene-maleic anhydride [47], polypropylene c/s-4-cyclohexene-l,2 dicarboxylic acid [48], polystearyl or polylauryl acrylate [49], polypropylene-acrylic acid, partially oxidised poly(butane diol) [50] and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [51]. Acid-containing products can react with basic fillers. With most other types, they will simply adsorb on to the mineral surface, but they can form esters with some non-basic metal hydroxyls, notably silanols. 

De Roover studied the effect of the RGC of maleic anhydride (MA) grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) on the average size of the PP phases dispersed in nylon 6. The size decreased rapidly with increasing RGC of PP and then levels off. Because the reaction of maleic anhydride with the amine end-groups of nylon 6 was close to completion, a direct relationship between the average size of the dispersed PP phases and the extent of the grafting reaction was proposed by this author [98]. 

PP-g-MA Polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (maleated polypropylene)... 

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